There’s yet another crisis in the veterinary marketplace and it has nothing to do with the pet food safety issue or the veterinary service shortage I blogged on last month. This one’s more immediate and palpable, impacting perhaps thousands of pets every day in the US.
Have you ever stopped to wonder what would happen should your Fluffy get hit by a car and require a transfusion? No, me neither. It’s not my favorite kind of daydream. But it’s an issue you can bet your vet thinks about when it comes to his or her patients.
Now that pet-oriented blood banks find they’re hard-pressed to maintain their stores of blood products, your vet might well be thinking a little harder on this issue.
Increased demand is reportedly fueling this crisis. With owners increasingly willing to shell out the bucks for high tech care, it should come as no shock that blood transfusions are among the necessary—and dwindling—items. After all, feline and canine blood donations haven’t kept pace with demand.
It’s true, not every hospital is equipped with the life-saving blood products we take for granted in human medicine. The ones who typically do are the critical care centers we general practitioners send our most severely ill and wounded.
Sure, chronic and sub-acute blood loss is something we GPs can and do handle. A flea anemia case, for example, where we have the time to crossmatch blood samples, sedate our donor kitty, collect a unit of blood and transfuse the patient slowly.
But when bleeding is fast and furious, GPs stock Oxyglobin (an artificial blood product) to push quickly IV (along with buckets of fluids) until the pet can be “shipped” to the closest critical care facility. Sourcing donors on a dime is just not doable under most critical conditions.
When owners can’t afford the big-buck transfer to a critical care facility, we do the best we can. But we don’t tend to keep much blood on hand, if any (it’s soooo pricey)—and almost never do we stock cat blood (this stuff’s back-ordered through April in many areas).
Wow! I hadn’t realized how much there is to report on this worthy topic. I’ll have more for you on pet blood’s back-story and the ethical conundrums vets face in a post I’ll write up for tomorrow.
Add Comment18 Comments
Can you also let us know how our pets can become blood donors?
AdoptedAPBTs April 15th, 2008 10:58:00 AM
I would second that. I have a tractable dog that would probably think a bag or blood for a nice bone was a good trade.
emily April 15th, 2008 11:35:00 AM
More on that tomorrow...
Dr. Patty Khuly April 15th, 2008 11:36:00 AM
Having owned Great Danes my whole life, I've always been ready and willing to (potentially) have them used as blood donors. Not a single veterinarian has asked me to volunteer, in over 40 years with the blood-rich dogs.
I expect that the blood has to be taken at a clinic which has the facilities and practices to store it properly, at least until some other agency retrieves it for longer-term storage and distribution. But I've often wondered what is up with the whole canine blood products thing?
Daniac April 15th, 2008 01:52:00 PM
And aren't canine to canine transfusions possible?
Stephanie Masonbrink April 15th, 2008 02:17:00 PM
I've never thought about this - wow. How much blood does one donate? I mean, I see my 7.5# dog giving up a whole pint?! Lol.....and in that same sense.....I'd be fascinated to know how much blood is in a canine body (on average) and how it is determined.
Fascinating stuff!!! Can't wait for the next installment!
Creature of Habit April 15th, 2008 02:22:00 PM
Stephanie: Dog to dog transfusions are indeed doable and very commonly performed. Sorry if that wasn't clear. Though there are 13 blood types, first transfusions are too often done the "quick and dirty" way with no crossmatching as rejection is much less likely on these first go-rounds. For information on this see...
http://www.vet.utk.edu/bloodbank/vet_banking.shtml...
Dr. Patty Khuly April 15th, 2008 03:13:00 PM
It would be great if vets were able to have donor dogs on stand-by for the emergency type situations when a dog to dog needed to be done. You know... in a perfect world and all that!
Stephanie Masonbrink April 15th, 2008 03:26:00 PM
Well, my dog Ukiah just became a blood donor! I live in Davis, California, home to the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Clinic (a vet teaching hospital). They are moving from inhouse donors to community donors. There are some stipulations--dogs have to weigh over 50 pounds, no bitches that have been pregnant, can't be taking certain medications (my spayed female dog isn't eligible since she takes what we call the "pee pee" pill for urinary incontinence). They are screening for a certain blood type that makes a dog a universal donor--and Ukiah qualified.
Ukiah has now given one donation--a pint. He is a shy dog, but we thought this would be a good experience for him since he would be among dog savvy vets and techs. And it was! Lots of cookies helped. Since another dog I had did get a couple of blood transfusions for an autoimmune blood disease, this seemed a good way to pay back. Plus Ukiah will now be eligible for free blood if he ever needs it.
Arlene Clarke April 15th, 2008 03:51:00 PM
We have a blood donor program at the University of Florida as well! While there is (one, currently) greyhound that gives blood in-house (and a group of cats, as there isn't a program for them) there is also a program for people to volunteer their (tractable, as they need to undergo a temperament test first! and as someone else mentioned, above fifty pounds) dog and there are some pretty sweet benefits! Free yearly exam, free bloodwork, free food and free flea/heartworm preventative.
Lucie April 15th, 2008 05:45:00 PM
Great subject! One that deserves pondering of the pros/cons because of the serious nature of being a blood product recipient. The bummer of the products "short shelf life" of 30 days or less and the multiple blood types of dogs (13) and cats (3, but harbor strong antibodies to the type they are not)----means that there is a long way to go to achieve the safety of human level or Red Cross donation volume.
I've seen on-site donors at clinics thru the years, some owned by the vet or staff, for emergencies. For an "elective" surgery, I would think it advisable to do as humans often do & donate their own. I have always been amazed at how mant surgeries are successfully performed without the need of blood (in pets).
Still, as much of a life-saver it could be, it is not without risk (non-compatibility), including death.
Barbara A. Albright/New Hampshire April 15th, 2008 09:36:00 PM
When I was about 10 or so, the family sheltie/border collie mix became so heavily infested w/seed ticks before my parents noticed (outdoor-only dog, and my parents at the time not very educated about pet health) that he had to have a transfusion from the vet's donor dog, his dane named Easter. I'll never forget how huge that dane looked to me, nor how cool I thought it was that doggie transfusions were possible. A previous cat clinic that I worked at used one of the clinic cats as a donor - he was *quite* a chunky boy but in very good health w/highly compatible blood. He never seemed bothered by the donation as he got a delightful can of a/d afterwards. :)
anna April 16th, 2008 12:31:00 AM
Greyhounds are apparently often used as donors because their blood is especially useful in some way. It's been a year since I saw a leaflet on an area program and I forget the details.
I'm looking forward to reading more, Dr Khuly.
M April 16th, 2008 02:06:00 AM
I have spent the last hour with a 4 week old cockatiel chick sitting on my lap preening himself. He’s making up for lost time because he has to spend most of the time wearing a little home made e-collar.
He was mauled by his parents (who belong to a friend) and lost A LOT of blood for a little birdy. That was last week and now he just won’t leave the scabs on his feet alone and keeps making them bleed - thus the e-collar.
I believe he is suffering from the effects of the blood loss although to the casual observer he looks ok. He’s just not as active as he should be at his age - he seems to lack stamina and is a quite quiet although he is alert. Every time he has lost a few drops of blood he is terribly hungry shortly after.
All I can do is keep him warm, well hydrated and well fed, keep the collar on him (hate doing that) and hope he will be ok despite his rough start in life. I guess cockatiel blood transfusions are a long way off.
Alison April 16th, 2008 04:26:00 AM
In case you're looking for blood donation centers to write about, Angell Memorial in Boston has an active donor program for dogs, cats and ferrets (yep, ferrets need transfusions sometimes too!).
regina April 16th, 2008 10:10:00 AM
I was told that greyhounds' red cells have the highest oxygen carrying capacity of any breed. OSU keeps them as donor dogs, adopting them out to vet students who are willing to keep them on call if the supply becomes low.
Transfusions are very pricey! I think it was over $350 for one transfusion for my cocker when they were trying to save her from Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia. I only saw one transfusion when I worked in the clinic back home--one of the techs brought in her very sweet laid back golden as a donor. It was an old time setup with a glass bottle with anticoagulant. I'm sure that places who transfuse reguarly have a more sophisticated setup. I'd be interested to know if they have the ability to make aliquots so one donation could be used for several animals if possible? In human medicine we have quad packs which can make four tiny units for babies-- exposing them to less donors and maintaining the original expiration date.
I'm a blood drive coordinator at the hospital where I work and it's a HUGE challenge for The Red Cross to maintain our blood supply!! Each donation can help save up to three lives and one patient (i.e. a major trauma, liver transplant, or cancer patient) can use HUNDREDS of units of blood products in a very short period of time. I encourage everyone who is able to become a regular blood donor.
Sarah April 16th, 2008 04:06:00 PM
M - I just saw a program on Animal Planet featuring an organization called HemoPet - they rescued and adopted out racing greyhounds and also used them as blood donors.
anna April 16th, 2008 04:08:00 PM
Greyhounds have a higher *percentage* of red blood cells in their circulation, an "adaptation" brought about by breeding best athletes to even better athletes. It helps them oxygenate their tissues faster. Bacause red blood cells are what we most look for in blood, Greyhounds make extra-efficient donors.
Dr. Patty Khuly April 16th, 2008 05:16:00 PM
Add Commment