Ever wondered what constitutes a “Franken-animal”? (No, Maltie-Poo and Shi-Corgis need not apply.)
So-called “Franken-animals” (AKA, “GE” or genetically engineered animals) are those engineered to include a few genetic fragments that, were it not for our artificial human intervention, would almost never find themselves nestled inside such a creature’s molecular blueprints.
These are the goats we mix with spider proteins so they’ll secrete a super-strong, Kevlar-like compound in their milk.
These are the mice we spike with cancer-susceptible genes so we can study the effects of our drugs against their tumors.
These are the pigs we use to produce pharma-grade fatty acids.
And, coming soon to a supermarket near you, these are the animals whose disease resistance and superior growth (among other traits) ostensibly make them better food production animals.
While some of us might argue that genetically engineered animals don’t make for better food, the FDA doesn’t necessarily agree.
In fact, the FDA is currently working out the details of its plan to police GE animals so they can imminently enter the food supply. In a November 1st JAVMA (Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine) news piece on the subject, this was the FDA’s take:
“[Genetically engineered animals represent] a cutting-edge technology that has significant implications, including real benefits, not just for human health, but also for animal health, such as developing disease-resistant animals,” said Dr. Bernadette M. Dunham, director of the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine.
The article goes on to explain:
[The FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine] has worked with developers of GE animals to ensure that food from these animals does not enter the food supply until or unless the FDA authorizes such use.
In the FDA guidance on regulation of GE animals, which focuses primarily on food animals, the agency defines GE animals as those containing a recombinant DNA construct to give them new traits. The FDA plans to regulate heritable rDNA constructs as new animal drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Developers of GE food animals would need to demonstrate that the rDNA construct is safe and effective in the GE animal, that food from the GE animal is safe for human consumption, and that the GE animal does not pose environmental risks.
There you have it. Cutting edge technology designed for the cutting edge of our silverware. And the FDA is there to make sure that…
1) It’s edible.
2) It’s safe.
3) You’ll never know which of those burgers came from a genetically engineered animal.
That’s right, a big part of the FDA’s plan is to keep us in the dark about which meats and animal products came from GE creatures.
I mean, if they’re deemed safe by the FDA, why need we ever know? Why, indeed, require that producers label their Franken-food as such?
Don’t get me wrong. I’m not dissing Franken-burgers or Franken-eggs as necessarily unhealthy. In fact, if you believe some of the hype in favor of GE animals, they’re probably more likely to improve human health than their higher fat, higher cholesterol cousins.
But what about the animals?
Can genetically engineered animals, as the next logical step in high-tech factory farming methodology, really deliver when it comes to what drives animal welfare minded consumers like us? Or is it simply serving an industry that wants to see humans consume more cheap meat?
I can’t imagine that any producer is working on a way to modify genes so chickens don’t cannibalize one another. I’m sure they’re not making it easier to keep pigs in reasonably sized enclosures. No, they’re just looking for a way to get more out of every chicken, sow, steer and cow they can cram onto their lot.
I don’t think anyone (including the FDA) would disagree with me on this point. (Though they probably wouldn’t give it my snarky spin.)
As such, can I take any of the FDA’s industry a$$-kissing ways seriously? Should it not irk me that consumers are, yet again, being kept out of the loop when it comes to disclosing the ways in which producers bring their widgets to market?
Consumers don’t necessarily want to eat Franken-food from genetically engineered animals. Some of the rationale behind our aversion is logical. In other cases…not so much. But consumers DO deserve to be given a choice…don’t we?
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Although I agree that consumers should be given choice, eating GE vegetables and grains does not seem to have had any great effect. I don't think GE meat will be any more dangerous as a foodstuff than the GE corn was. Although I am not even sure what GE would be used for in meat/eggs/milk etc.
emily November 4th, 2008 09:34:00 AM
How can it NOT pose a potential environmental risk, if these animals are capable of reproducing with non-GE animals?
deidrel November 4th, 2008 09:52:00 AM
Another recent bit of news on mass agriculture in the US places some blame for increasing rates of MRSA on prophalactic antibiotic treatments. On NPR there was discussion about a recent study that found MRSA in raw supermarket beef and pork. Once cooked thoroughly, it is killed, but if you handle raw meat with even a small scratch on your hands you are severely at risk.
MRSA has also been in the news recently for being implicated in sports injury complications.
Frankly, I am more afraid of widespread hormone and antibiotic usage than I am of franken animals. I'd rather eat GMO than deal with meat full of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
jenni November 4th, 2008 01:14:00 PM
Seeing how the FDA has been doing such a good job of keeping our food safe(insert eye rolling sarcasm here) why shouldn't we trust them?
I mean just look at the quick response to the latest round of melamine in the (people)food supply- declare a little melamine just fine in food. How much is a little-doesn't matter. And standards/studies don't really matter. Except the babies show it causes kidney problems at some concentration.
Grrrrrrr......
redheather November 4th, 2008 01:19:00 PM
Sorry, I disagree. The panics being raised over "franken food" are just that -- panics, based on emotion and not science. We've been doing genetic engineering for years, just the long slow way, through crossing strains of plants and animals. This is just a shortcut for doing it in what may be a bigger way. The potential of this work to improve medicine and agriculture far outweighs the risk. Before starting a scare, show us a real example of where the practice caused harm.
Susan November 4th, 2008 01:42:00 PM
I can't help but feel the same skepticism that comes along with drugs rushed through FDA approval and then withdrawn within a year from previously unknown *serious* side effects. Has anyone else noticed how many "TV commercials" have disappeared?
Barbara A. Albright/New Hampshire November 4th, 2008 04:17:00 PM
Except for the possibility of "super" salmon escaping and out breeding wild salmon (and then crashing the population because they grow too fast as juveniles, something that was hypothesized about 10 years ago that I haven't read up on since) I've never seen anything that would freak me out about eating genetically altered animals. Breeds of animals are "genetically altered". Several plant strains were bred for a gene after the insert gene with gunshot version freaked out consumers. Might as well label ALL meat by the breed of animal it contains. (Now with more Hereford cross).
Now, whether or not specific gene(s) are a good idea to have in an animal population for the animal's sake is one that effects breeds of all sorts of animals, including our pets. Just because a Boston Terrier got it's genetically influenced breathing problems the old fashioned way doesn't make deliberately choosing those traits any less stressful on the animal.
I'm don't think that genetically altering an animal in a petri dish in a way that causes the animal future harm is more problematic then deliberately breeding two HYPP+ horses and getting an HYPP++ foal. Or selecting breeding hogs that grow so fast they get arthritis. If such animals are going to be used in production, they need to be managed humanely. (I'm thinking animals altered to produce expensive proteins used in medicines and their milk and stuff, as far as meat animals go, I'm looking forward to the day when expensive steaks free roam on grass and cheap hamburgers are created in vats.)
compcat November 4th, 2008 04:20:00 PM
personally i am more considered with the ethics of eating animals GE or not. i think that the quality of life for animals even those slated for someones table really should be in the forefront for example those pigs at the farm in Iowa that supplies Hormel have been treated with shocking brutality. there is no reason that these animals should have miserable and sad lives and i wonder how you genetically alter an animal? glad i dont eat meat.
katy November 4th, 2008 04:48:00 PM
There is a program on TV here, called The Big Food Fight. Recently there was a 2 part series, Animal Pharm,
http://www.throng.co.nz/the-big-food-fight/animal-...
describing what is being done. The most interesting, to me, was the featherless chicken. If you've ever been in a position to home-butcher a chicken or other bird, you'll know what a huge pain the de-feathering is. I also thought the super-muscled cattle were astonishing. Massive, and well-behaved even. Getting the best possible care, because scientists developing these animals want them to be a commercial success.
Margaret November 4th, 2008 06:26:00 PM
well i can understand the care given to a GE animal once it has proven that it will live but what about the animals that were used to get to that point? thats what im concerned with, does the means justify the end? what happens to the experiment that didnt quite met expectations on trial 1, 2, 3 or whatever. it just reminds me of those primates that were taught to sign only to be sold for research and injected with hepatitis or HIV, once their "usefulness" to a project was over they were subjected to living alone in a cage. not that i see a difference in an animal that can sign or cannot they all feel pain, fear, happiness, sadness and hunger just like us. i just really feel that we go overboard on using God's creatures in sad and shameful ways.
katy November 4th, 2008 07:12:00 PM
Genetic Engineering will be the ONLY THING that will "save" our breeds.
I say, the more big business spends to bring GE franken-foods to the market, the better we (the scientists) will get at the techniques that will bring down the price of doing GE on less lucrative markets (like pet animals).
There is no reason at all to believe that GE foods are any less healthy, unless they are designed that way. Screwing with genes can't create poison unless you're inserting genes that create poisons. Fear of franken food is as bogus as fear of witches.
The only way to eradicate inherited diseases in our animals while preserving breed diversity will be GE. GE will even allow us to increase diversity and to selectively take genes from other breeds to work into our gene pool without having to mix all those other unwanted genes.
For instance, there is nothing particularly valuable about Doberman hearts. In fact, 50% of them are genetically defective. GE will allow us to save all of those Dobe lines by simply cutting out the faulty gene and swapping in a good gene.
And perhaps, GE will give us Jelly Belly like selection powers.... pick and choose what you want and create a new breed that would take thousands of input animals and hundreds of generations just to try and come close... you can do it in a lab.
Christopher Landauer November 4th, 2008 08:52:00 PM
Of course, the drive towards genetically engineered meat products could eventually solve the ethical problem of slaughtering animals for food...no need to kill when you can grow it in a lab.
anna November 4th, 2008 10:19:00 PM
All I can say is, thankd doG I'm vegetarian.
Deb November 4th, 2008 11:44:00 PM
I'm truly not concerned about GE animals for my own sake. I trust that it's safe and technically wholesome. Neither am I horrified by the use of GE animals to further scientific investigation in the medical arena.
The problem is that I see GE food production animals as a natural extension of factory farming techniques--most of which I disapprove of (though certainly not all). Ultimately, I don't trust the industry to police its own genetic manipulations.
For example, if a trait made an animal's life more miserable (e.g., by allowing for further overcrowding--what I see as a likely outcome of GE in the short-term) I'd be appalled at the prospect of eating it. But then, I'm already appalled at the prospect of eating *any* factory farmed meats.
Unfortunately, I see GE animals as a technology geared to making more *cheap* meat available at a better price. I'd rather see the industry go the other way: Fewer animals and higher prices.
Dr. Patty Khuly November 5th, 2008 08:40:00 AM
Deb -
Veggies are already being GE'd. In fact, many of our food crops are more manipulated than our dogs. Pets aren't the only thing the Victorians got off on selectively breeding. If you ever drive I80, you'll find monuments to the genetic manipulation of corn.
And, IMO, if there is a danger from GE, uncooked veggies are likely to be more problematic than cooked meats.
The genetic library for plants also includes a lot more allergens and toxins than meats.
I don't think there's much of a risk at all anyway, but GE effects all life, not just meat food stuffs.
Christopher Landauer November 5th, 2008 02:44:00 PM
Anyone read about the new blueberry tomato? It's a tomato with flower genes inserted so it'll offer more antioxidants. Cool. But will it *taste* good...?
Dr. Patty Khuly November 5th, 2008 03:00:00 PM
Dr khuly said:
Unfortunately, I see GE animals as a technology geared to making more *cheap* meat available at a better price. I'd rather see the industry go the other way: Fewer animals and higher prices.
Generally I agree with your post, but, what about the GE cow with the hypertrophic musculature? If one cow can produce the meat of two, that's one less cow to slaughter. More effiecient production is good, isn't it?
The idea of eating meat grown in a laboratory disgusts me. It can't possibly have the same qualities as grown in an animal. There is a real, palatable difference between wild vs. farmed fish, chicken, pig, venison. Personally, I would like to see more people hunt their own meat. They would probably eat a lot less of it, it's a lot of work!
Margaret November 5th, 2008 05:57:00 PM
Emily, when you can so easily Google for information, there's really no excuse for the kind of ignorance your BT corn comment betrays. Have a look at (for example) http://madrid.indymedia.org/slash/articles/05/06/2...
BT corn has been a disaster, but probably not as much as BT cotton has. The latter has driven Indian cotton farmers to bankruptcy and suicide due to high cost of seed, and contrary to the promises of Monsanto - poor crop performance and the continued need for application of pesticides. Also, workers handling the produce have suffered extremely painful skin conditions.
That the FDA will "police" GM is a sham. It would be a joke if it were not tragic. "Corruption" is a better word. Please go and educate yourself on the general disaster that genetic engineering has become, and think about the potential, in a corporately-driven political world when a small cartel of companies as evil as Monsanto control the world food supply, aided and abetted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
Notborn Yesterday November 5th, 2008 07:31:00 PM
"We've been doing genetic engineering for years, just the long slow way, through crossing strains of plants and animals." says Susan.
Susan, you too are a victim of misinformation and lack of understanding of this whole business. The hubridization to which you refer is not the genetic modification that scientists are tampering with. There is no valid comparison between natural hybridization that allows the genetic diversification that could naturally occur when compatible varieties of plants OR animals intermingle, and the extraction of genetic material from an animal and blasting it into the cell nucleus of a plant.
No, we aren't talking mere emotion. We ARE talking science, and both real science and experience agree. Monsanto, with all its research and wealth have proven that the results cannot be predicted with certainty. But the predicatibiliy of their dishonesty with the general public can be predicted with certainty.
The example of BT cotton in my previous post doesn't scratch the surface of the disaster that GM has become, and no generation has the right to unleash on all future generations a genie that is impossible to return to its bottle. You may well say, "but what about the terminator gene?". Yes - a perfect example. What happens once this genetic information crosses boundaries into other species? I don't know, you don't know and no-one knows. And thats the point. You're buying "chips" at the cost of the whole future and gambling them against the unknown. Are you prepared to explain to your children how that is responsible stewardship of their inheritance?
Notborn Yesterday November 5th, 2008 07:55:00 PM
I don't like it, or the antibiotics and everything else in the food supply.
Kirby November 5th, 2008 08:39:00 PM
Another case of just because we CAN, doesn't mean we SHOULD.
and there is a lot of corruption within the FDA approval process that concerns me about their agenda as well.
not that you can get many veggies that haven't been tweeked....and I don't know if any corn or tomatoes exist anymore in an original form.
LorriM November 5th, 2008 10:20:00 PM
Christopher,
Being vegetarian I'm very much aware of the GE veggies out there. I buy organic and local, and try to avoid any veggies that I'm aware are being GE'd. I'm not anti-progress or techno-phobic, but I'm not convinced that messing with nature in that way is a good thing. My jury is still out. As for GE animals, I see manipulating sentient beings in that way as very suspect and would not want to contribute to supporting it in any way. Selective breeding has created enough horror shows in our domestic animals that I hate to think what modern GE will do. Bottom line is it's not being done for the good of animals, or for the good of humanity, it's basically about profit, and that's where things usually go off the rails. Animal husbandry practices in North America are already proof of that. The animals entering the human food chain have lived horrible, miserable (thankfully brief) lives, and they have polluted the environment around them, all in the name of raising them as cheaply as possible. I wait for the day when we learn to respect the world around us, not view it as ours to manipulate and use as we see fit, and I hope that day comes soon. For now, no GE for me.
Deb November 6th, 2008 12:48:00 PM
deb what is wrote is my feelings too. amen to that sister!
katy November 6th, 2008 12:57:00 PM
Genetic engineering has the ability to get what you want without doing any collateral damage like traditional (in) breeding. It is a scalpel compared to the machete of current breeding methods.
If you want to change 1 gene, you can do it instead of changing on average half the genes. The ratio there is mind blowing. It doesn't take tens of generations to try and get what you want to add without sacrificing what you want to keep, you can do it in one generation.
If you're interested, I've written an entire article about the cloning aspect of genetic engineering. While not exactly the same, it's very relevant. Copy/paste this link or click on my name below, it will take you to the same article.
http://borderwars.blogspot.com/2008/09/embrace-clo...
Other points:
(1) GE is the only way to undo the "horror shows" without fundamentally changing what a breed is. Very few breed clubs have backbred in any sort of other breed and no one is re-domesticating the dog from the wolf. Sure, GE will need to overcome the same prejudice that currently exists against cloning in the breed clubs, but hell, with the rise of the internet, even registries aren't so important anymore.
(2) There's ZERO reason to think that GE food or animals are going to "cross boundaries into other species" ... this doesn't happen. You haven't sprouted leaves from all the greens you've eaten and you haven't grown an extra stomach from all the meat. The only threat is from compounds in our foods, and if you don't add the genes for toxic compounds, you're not going to create them by accident.
(3) GE _IS_ directly comparable to selective breeding. The example of putting animal genes in plants doesn't invalidate this. GE has more tools in the box, like inter-species splicing, but you don't have to do that... and that is not the salvation for pets. Just because some scientists made glow in the dark kittens with interspecies splicing doesn't necessitate such complex GE.
Christopher Landauer November 7th, 2008 01:33:00 AM
Christopher!!
"without doing any collateral damage", you said? Read my previous 2 posts concerning BT Cotton in India. They're only a few of posts back.
"It is a scalpel compared to the machete ...". hardly. It involves shooting the gene into the nucleus.
"you can do it in one generation.." Sure - if all goes well. The problem is we don't understand all the levels over which genes are encoded, and it isn't single dimensional! We have no way of knowing what other effects are going to result, or how many generations before the irreversible change is discovered and the synthetically produced new species is reaking havoc in the wild, as has already happened.
The ability to make potentially far-reaching changes "in one generation" and the resultant potential acceleration of these acts, creating multitudes of changes THAT CAN NEVER BE UNDONE makes for very frightening stuff.
"There's ZERO reason to think that GE food or animals are going to "cross boundaries into other species" Christopher, its already happened!
"and if you don't add the genes for toxic compounds, you're not going to create them by accident" Where have you been over the last few years Christopher? If the insecticide introduced into BT cotton - which has caused so much suffering among workers handling the crops - isnt a "toxic compound" just what exactly do you define as a "toxic compound"?
"GE _IS_ directly comparable to selective breeding". Absolutely not. Again, read my previous two posts.
"The example of putting animal genes in plants doesn't invalidate this". An interesting assertion. Care to explain why?
"inter-species splicing, but you don't have to do that... ". Again, Christophere where have you been? The bald fact is they ARE DOING that, and your own very next sentence blows your argument out of the water. The irresponsibility of GM has been well-demonstrated, even if it has been very poorly publicised.
Again, let me point out to you that you, and people like you are willing to hand on a plate the ability to profit-oriented, power-hungry, criminally dishonest financial giants to ATTEMPT to control the worlds food supply. To deny this scenario is to be incredibly naive and ignorant of world history. "Conspiracy" and "nutter" are two separate words!
Notice I said, "ATTEMPT". They won't succeed, becuase they, like everyone else will simply not be able to control this genie once its out of the bottle.
Notborn Yesterday November 7th, 2008 02:44:00 AM
I'm speaking of genetic collateral damage. I.e. why inbreeding creates diminished capactiy and promotes genetic disease.
As for the entirely different C.D. you speak of:
I hope we put a lot of farmers out of work if it means feeding a lot of people. We could all employ teamsters to drive us around on horses, and we could bring back the millions of secretaries to type our letters and do without e-mail. We don't need more farmers, we need more land, and that's one thing that is very destructive to create. We can get by on a lot less land if we develop more nutritious foods that are more hearty and deplete the soil less.
Christopher Landauer November 7th, 2008 03:42:00 AM
Societies advancement has come as fewer and fewer of us have had to farm simply to feed ourselves. This isn't a trend I think we should reverse. GE is the logical and necessary continuation of the agricultural revolution.
IMO, it's not that we SHOULD or SHOULD NOT, but that we NEED to now, or soon will.
"The rapid adoption of Bollgard II and Bollgard on 76% of India’s cotton acreages is testament to farmers’ appreciation of the benefits and superior value of the technology. Within six years of the launch of Bollgard Bt Cotton in 2002, India’s cotton production has doubled, making it the second largest producer, and second largest exporter of cotton in the world. We will continue to invest in educating Indian farmers on crop management practices, in line with our commitment to enhancing agricultural productivity," said Raj Ketkar, Deputy MD, Mahyco Monsanto Biotech (MMB)."
- (link in my name below)
I read that as fewer farmers can make more and better cotton than before. If that means that half the farmers in India go out of business, so what? That is natural selection. That is progress.
Christopher Landauer November 7th, 2008 03:45:00 AM
* Cross-speciation has happened in a lab. Such things aren't going to happen in the wild. You're not going to have glow in the dark kids by eating glow in the dark fish. The very definition of a species is that two species can not produce fertile offspring... i.e. you can't mix your genes with another species in the wild.
Sure, glow in the dark fish can escape and breed with wild-type fish, but that's a specific problem with glow in the dark genes that we don't WANT in the wild.
If we fix a disease in our dogs, we WANT those genes in the wild. It's the difference between animals given diseases in the lab that we want quarantined and a vaccine. We want the vaccine in the wild. We don't want the disease.
Christopher Landauer November 7th, 2008 04:00:00 AM
Christopher,
I think I'm just about done debating someone who is prepared to quote Monsanto to support their argument. Your comments about horses, emails and secretaries demonstrates
your "elephant-hurling" approach and your comment about needing more land not farmers displays your ignorance of the increasing average age of farmers, and the many practices that are destroying the productivity of good, arable land. It isnt GE that will produce more nutritious foods and save soil depletion, its sustainable farming practices and reduced reliance on chemicals to force growth and kill pests. The "NEED" that you speak of is the propaganda of the GM corporations, and its based on GREED not NEED. On profits, not on science.
Back to India and BT cotton: You quote Monsanto's polished version of history as if it were an honourable, trustworthy guardian of truth and human rights! When Indian cotton farmers went broke and suicided due to Monsanto's failure to live up to its promises, what did Monsanto do? Did they compensate? No. Did they promise to rectify? No. Did they even damned well apologise?? Of course not. They blamed the "ignorant" Indian cotton farmers for their sub-standard farming practices. Then they condescendingly promised to "educate" them while massaging and distorting the statistics.
The truth? Try this, after a 3 year study:
"Low yield - Non- Bt has, on an average, surpassed Bt in terms of yield by nearly 8% with 12% less expense. "
"No reduction in pesticide use "
"Disastrous losses for farmers - The three year average tells us that the non-Bt farmers earned 60% more than Bt farmers. In place of profit, Bt cotton, especially the Mahyco-Monsanto varieties, brought untold misery to farmers culminating in violent street protests and the burning of seed outlets ..."
" Increased cost of cultivation - On average, Bt farmers incurred 12% more costs"
"Increased spread of disease - Researchers found that a special kind of root rot was being spread by Bt cotton. Farmers came out with complaints that they were not able to grow other crops after Bt because it had infected their soil very badly. As against this, the soil in which the farmers grew non-Bt hybrids was extremely friendly to other crops."
Now Christopher, (and any other Monsanto 'trusters' NOTE THIS ONE:
"What is most disturbing is that Mahyco-Monsanto continue to insist that yields of Bt cotton in Andhra Pradesh are up. Mahyco-Monsanto commissioned a study to a market research agency, and with its devious manipulation of data claimed that Andhra Pradesh farmers had seen a five-fold increase in yield compared to non-Bt yields. This is direct contradiction to the evidence amassed by DDS and APCDD and shown in farmers’ interviews (see below of details of the film). "
"Since the publication of the report, the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) has rejected the growing of all three Monsanto varieties of Bt cotton in Andhra Pradesh due to their failure, as described in this box. Furthermore one hybrid Bt cotton (Mech-12 Bt) has been banned throughout South India. The main worry is that old stocks of Bt cotton (estimated to be a minimum of 300,000 bags) will continue to be sold in Andhra Pradesh. Farmers’ organisations and NGOs have all called for these stocks to be destroyed"
Want further proof?: Go to http://www.grain.org/research_files/BT_Cotton_-_A_... and read the whole report. Its a 2.2 meg download.
Notborn Yesterday November 7th, 2008 09:03:00 PM
This concept is so disgusting to me I just cannot begin to express it.
I have heard that a lot of these animals don't survive, due to some of the genetic changes. (No, I have no specifics--I just remember reading that.) What of diseases that are unknowingly introduced into the genetic lines and probably the food chain?
It's just...barbaric to me.
Jen M.
Jen M. November 7th, 2008 11:29:00 PM
Notborn,
I think I know what to get you for Christmas: A DVD of The Constant Gardener, because your arguments seemed ripped right from the pages of the script. Big evil corporations, poor ignorant native populations, anti-globalization anti-Capitalism overtones. Cry cry.
I can see why you're giving up, what you are talking about is simply irrelevant to the issue I am talking about. The ethics and issues of GE in corn and in dogs are tangential and the discussion of corporations using GE is a whole different issue.
You're playing catchup with the GE crop issue and I'm playing "what if" with the animal issue. You obviously want to talk about India and Cotton and I want to talk about hobby breeding dogs.
I've posted a Genetic Engineering 101 post on my blog defining some terms and I'm working on an ethics post that will discuss the ethical differences between, say, swapping out a disease causing allele for a safe one vs. swapping out a coat color allele for another color vs. what you're in a huff about regarding cross species dna transfers and the insertion of potentially harmful genes versus cherry picking alleles.
If you'd like, I'd prefer to discuss the issues on the comments of my blog as the captcha here kicks my comments out more often than not and I can't make replies when it fails so many times.
C Landauer November 8th, 2008 04:28:00 AM
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