With discussions on Big Brown’s doping and his trainer’s freewheeling use of the still-legal muscle-bulkers still in the press, I thought it would be appropriate to delve a little deeper into this topic. After all, it applies to pets, too—and I have one current case that might raise your eyebrows a centimeter or two.
So you know, there are two kinds of steroids we veterinarians can use in our practices. The first is the corticosteroid, better known as prednisone, dexamethasone, depo-medrol, etc. These are our go-to drugs for serious inflammation untouchable by other methods.
We love corticosteroids. But we’re scared of them, too. They have lots of acute side effects such as gastrointestinal ulceration, increased urination/thirst, potential clotting issues (especially in the lungs) and a host of long-term issues related to their continued administration.
But these aren’t the ones we’ll be concentrating on today. Anabolic steroids are the ones we’ve been fretting about since Eight Belles met her untimely end and Big Brown pulled away from the pack twice in as many weeks. They’re also the ones responsible for Marion Jones’s Olympic medal retraction and Lance Armstrong’s questionable natural athletic superiority.
The difference between the human and equine examples comes down to legal terms. It’s OK in our books to administer muscle-building anabolic steroid injections to equine athletes. But it’s wrong for a human athlete to choose these drugs for themselves.
What’s the difference? you may be wondering. And here it is: These drugs DO build muscle. They DO improve athletic performance. But they also have serious side-effects. Therefore, it would be unfair to raise the athletic bar for humans who may choose not to sacrifice their health for their athletic careers… Nonetheless, it’s considered OK for humans to choose to put a horse’s health at risk under nearly identical circumstances.
The racing industry’s answer to the question of steroids? It’s not exactly uniform, but the general consensus seems to be that if we have no studies to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that it’s hurting our horses then we’ll just keep on keeping on. It’s like having to prove that climate change is actually happening by getting every scientist in the world to concur.
Heart trouble, skeletal changes, liver toxicity, renal compromise, behavior problems…need I go on? This is the legacy of months or years of steroid use in humans. Why should we definitively prove the same for animals when we know these compounds function similarly in animal bodies? Do we need controlled, double-blinded studies to finally end the use of steroids on tracks across this country? Isn’t the damage they’ve done in other species and in other sports proof positive?
Seemingly not. And when you hear what my day job occasionally entails, you might just think me a hypocrite.
Roger Dodger is a typical yellow Lab with a singular trait: He’s almost 17 years old. Though he’s been on Rimadyl for four years, then Metacam, then Metacam and Tramadol, then Metacam and Tramadol and Amantadine, Rodger Dodger is increasing in his decrepitude.
Rodger Dodger’s owner’s the best. She treats him to on-time medication, a special diet and regular swimming sessions. No dog has it better. But he’s on his last legs. It’s obvious. That’s why we got him onto the ‘roids. He’s taking Winstrol-V (stanazolol) weekly to win him back some lost muscle.
Sure, it’s got some scary side-effects. But this dog has beautiful bloodwork, a stellar cardiac profile and a will to live that supersedes all else. How could I hold back on the only drug left in my arsenal that might bring him ‘round a bit?
Though Rodger Dodger hasn’t agreed to my use of this drug on his frail body, I believe the goal of its use is far different that for our high-performing equines. Though I worry about my last-ditch approach to Rodger Dodger’s orthopedic health, it’s exactly that—a salvage effort. Though you might not fully agree, I feel it’s a far cry from the consideration granted two year-old horses being pushed beyond the limits of their orthopedics.
Does it not make common sense to assume that the increased musculature granted high-performing horses via anabolic steroids—on increasingly slim limbs—means decreased stability and increased injury rates? To me that’s a mechanical reality which does not even begin to factor in the other long-term risks to these horses we may not fully understand.
In my veterinary practice, anabolic steroids have their place. Though I use them rarely—and not without stress—I can’t quite dispense with them entirely. Even this generally positive experience, however, does not prepare me to accept their use in otherwise healthy animals. It’s not only damaging, it’s unfair…for the horses and for their clean competitors.
Dolittler
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For those who may be wondering about the bulked-up dog in the photo, that's a picture of <a href="http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/story.... the whippet</a>, whose shape results not from the use of steroids, but from a genetic mutation. This is known as the "bully" type in greyhounds and whippets -- one copy of the mutated version of the gene results in superior athletic performance, two (like Wendy has) results in grotesque overdevelopment and other medical problems.
T.T. May 25th, 2008 09:20:00 PM
Sorry, messed up link: http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/story....
T.T. May 25th, 2008 09:21:00 PM
My first reaction is human athletes know the risks, both in health and legality. Animals (equines) don't have a choice; it is morally wrong.
Rodger Dodger, the amazing wonder-Lab? At his age,I would give him any drug that could provide quality of life, for whatever time is left. Isn't that attempted by human doctors with elderly and/or terminally ill people?
No drug is without risks, assessing risk versus benefit is the nature of pharmaceuticals
Barbara A. Albright/New Hampshire May 25th, 2008 09:22:00 PM
Agree wholeheartedly that Rodger Dodger deserves this last-ditch effort to improve his life. The difference with the horses in question is that they are given these drugs to improve the owner's perceived quality of life (via their increased earnings on the track) rather than the animal's. Having personally cared for Mr. M. W., a notable Pittsburgh Steeler who suffered the effects of long-term steroid use, and which ultimately cost him his life due to cardiomyopathy, I can attest to the long-range detrimental effects of these drugs. Yet he knowingly took these drugs to enhance his performance, and I agree, the informed consent of the adult patient makes all the difference here.
Shellie May 25th, 2008 11:48:00 PM
T.T.: Thank you for that link and for the nformation. I had NO idea this was not a photoshopped image. I was not familiar with this mutation. In fact, I feel bad about using Wendy's image in this case so I'll be switching it out of respect.
Dr. Patty Khuly May 26th, 2008 09:05:00 AM
I have very mixed feelings about use of Winstrol with Roger Dodger. You can't cheat death. At some point one has to say enough as there is only one way off the planet. I hope his companion knows that and won't continue to seek "remedies" for old age past a reasonable point.
Been there, done that
CathyA May 26th, 2008 09:09:00 AM
I agree that trying to extend a dog's life by extraordinary means is not necessarily the right thing to do. However, I used Winstrol for one of my labs in her last year. She wasn't as old as Roger Dodger - she was 12, and had a number of health issues that come with old age - pain in her spine, loss of coordination, cognitive problems and so forth. We were not aggressive in treating every bump & lump, and we didn't do a whole lot of diagnostic tests - the question was always, if we did find something would it change our course of treatment and would I put her through something like chemo etc.? Generally the answer was no. But the most pressing concern my vet has was her weight loss - she had to be coaxed to eat and was losing weight, she was terribly thin. The steroid did not get her to gain weight but at least she stopped losing. I could not have allowed myself to watch her waste away and not try the steroids - I don't think it's an extraordinary measure like putting a dog on life support - it's quality of life. And I had no illusions that she had years of life ahead of her, she was definitely developing cognitive disfunction and neurological problems which most likely were the cause of her death. When it was time for her to go, she went - but earlier that day she happily went for a walk around the neighborhood with me, something she was able to enjoy until the end instead of becoming too weak.
Anne May 26th, 2008 02:35:00 PM
Thanks for this blog entry and your previous one about Dr. Brammage--I appreciate very much the additional info and insight from the inside.
I've had ferrets on steroids for quality of life issues, so I do agree they have their place. But I also agree that the place of steroids is not on the track, especially not in young growing animals.
regina May 27th, 2008 01:36:00 PM
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