Ever wondered what it means when you contemplate the purchase of pet foods labeled “human grade”?
I’ve always thought it a murky designation given the FDA’s lax regulation of pet food. When even our human supermarket fare gives off mixed signals on the labeling of everything from “green” and “organic” to “heart healthy” and “lower fat,” can you blame me for my yellow-eyed perplexity?
I mean, when a Dorito is considered a “human grade” food, I’ve got to wonder whether this moniker actually means anything.
So what exactly makes a pet food worthy of human consumption according to the food industry powers that be? Is it...
a) the digestibility of the ingredients?
b) the lack of pig foot and bird beak “fillers”? or
c) an abundance of laboratory testing for ensured wholesomeness?
Apparently it’s...
d) none of the above.
No, “human grade” doesn’t mean that your pet’s food isn’t full of the standard corn and soy fillers. It certainly doesn’t mean it’s automatically better for your pets than the other foods out there. But it does mean that the ingredients were handled in accordance with safety standards the FDA requires for our human foods.
In other words, that beef carcass that fell off the line and had to get the factory-floor blood washed off it, the downer cow that had to be condemned, goods from the processing plant that failed its recent inspection and might otherwise have to trash its amassed protein...all this is pet food acceptable but not suitable for human consumption.
In case you’ve been reading PetConnection’s blog, you’ll recognize that I’m late to the party on this topic. Earlier this month, VIN (the Veterinary Information Network) produced a great news piece on this topic and PetConnection praised it roundly about a week ago. Good stuff in Gina’s post (as always) but VIN’s original is the can’t-miss read.
Here’s the money quote from VIN’s news piece:
“Human grade” has no formal legal definition. But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Veterinary Medicine has taken the position that if every ingredient in a product is edible, meaning that it was processed according to rules of sanitation required of food sold to people, then the product may be labeled “human grade,” said Dr. William Burkholder, a veterinary medical officer and the agency’s resident pet nutrition expert.
The key point to remember: “no formal legal definition.” Hmmm...could it be that’s because the FDA’s oversight of pet food has never extended to its wholesomeness and safety? I dunno, but that’s what this “human grade” news piece made me think.
I agree, there’s nothing wrong with feeding ground up bird beaks and feet. There’s no crime in the hair and feathers that may “taint” your pet’s food. After all, your average housecat would eat the whole mouse, leathery tail, spiky teeth and all. But when there’s no due process for assessing the safety of your pet’s food beyond calling it “human grade” when human safety standards are met, it calls the entire system of pet food production into question...for me, at least.
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If "human grade" has no formal legal definition, I suspect they can put that on any product. Sadly, there's little viable legal definition for much of labeling information for human food, let alone pet food. We're so far behind Europe on this one and getting further so - GMOs, irradiation, <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->etc. A couple of days ago, I saw Tyson chicken labeled "100% natural" and "no added antibiotics". What the heck does that mean? Another package of Tyson chicken said "100% Natural" and "no antibiotics fed". I'm guessing that means there a difference between "fed" and "added" antibiotics but geez. I'm good at reading labels but they sure are pushing that line between puffing and fraud IMO and it's getting harder and harder to find relatively natural foods. I find myself considering the option of going back to doing my own canning...
Dr. K, thanks for this one. You may consider yourself a little late to the party but your entire profession is once again ahead of the human medical field on it. :)
PJBoosinger February 1st, 2009 11:45:57 AM
Actually, my cats leave the skulls of mice, as well as the beaks/feet and large flight feathers of birds.
The concern is that the line in the sand needs to be drawn somewhere. While I have no problem purchasing human grade chicken feet for my smaller dogs as rec bones (although when we lived in an apartment and my dog escaped into the hall with one, one must wonder exactly WHAT my neighbours must have thought... LOL) I definitely DO have an issue with this being a portion of their diet.
Why? Because the same part of AAFCO's definition that accepts chicken feet also accepts beaks, a certain amount of feathers and underdeveloped eggs. This last one REALLY bothers me, having worked in a chicken hatchery myself. Underdeveloped eggs are not spotted until a few weeks in the incubator when they change colour, crack and begin to rot. Or, at the end of incubation when a chick simply hasn't hatched and they are extremely smelly, rotten time bombs just waiting for some poor unsuspecting soul to bump them the wrong way so that they can unleash their unholy insides all over said person in a spectacular explosion (I describe from experience - happened about three minutes before I QUIT... lol). To me, this is NOT an ingredient I find acceptable, no matter how you want to look at it.
The other thing to consider is that each by-product manufacturer produces a different quality of by-products. Manufacturer A may use healthy necks, organs, and clean innards. Manufacturer B may use beaks, feat, heads, and a fair amount of feathers because, lets face it, the actual quantity is not specified and there is no true regulation/inspection in place.
I much prefer to stick with companies that use "un-approved" terms such as "chicken necks" "chicken liver" "beef lung"... Orijen recently removed "corn silk" from their ingredients list because a certain pet food company (you all know who! ;O) was going around suggesting that because it was not an AAFCO-approved ingredient, there could be corn in it, thus negating their "grain-free" claim!
When did we get so ridiculous? IMO, certain definitions are required (although AAFCO needs to rewrite all of their definitions with FAR more detail as far as I'm concerned) for ingredients such as meals, by-products, and other ingredients that are not used in human foods. For ingredients that are used in human foods, or should simply be obvious, AAFCO needs to get off its butt and write the simple explanation that should go along with them. Example? Beef Lung - beef lung, free of any contanimants and any other parts of the carcass.
Oh, and GONE should be that "except in such amounts that might occur unavoidably in good processing practices."
Kim February 1st, 2009 12:09:15 PM
I want to make sure I'm reading this correctly- based on what Kim is saying "Chicken byproducts" and/or "meat byproducts" may contain eggs?
Crystal February 1st, 2009 02:20:08 PM
Here's a good site with food information, in particular to interpreting food labels.
http://www.doberdogs.com/foodcht1.html
According to them:
Poultry By-Product - Clean parts of slaughtered poultry, such as heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, feet, abdomen, intestines, and heads and must not contain feces or foreign matter except that which is unavoidable and then only in trace amounts.
Poultry By-Product Meal - Made up of ground, rendered, and clean parts of slaughtered poultry, such as undeveloped eggs, necks, feet, and intestines. It does not contain feathers except those which are unavoidable during processing.
Dehydrated Eggs - Whole poultry eggs which are dried.
PaulaO February 1st, 2009 02:45:14 PM
It's actually up to the individual states to regulate pet food and, if it's shipped across state lines, the FDA. I love this quote: "there are no specific process control regulations for feed, including pet food if it is non-medicated" http://www.aafco.org/Portals/0/Public/Q-AND-A-REGARDING-PETFOODREGS.PDF. "The Association thereby promotes new ideas and innovative procedures and urges their adoption by member agencies, for uniformity" Despite the word "Control" in AAFCO's name, it's merely an association, a private corporation with no control over anything. http://www.aafco.org/ IMO, AAFCO is a bad joke. What they say means nothing unless it is adopted by the FDA or the states.
The two members from Texas are from the Office of the Texas State Chemist. Sounds official doesn't it? A private corporation housed at TAMU (Texas A&M University). It's mission is to "protect[] consumers and enhance[] agribusiness". Gee, I wonder which of those gets priority! They pay dearly to be housed there and use TAMU's web address that makes them look independent but these are almost all Ag industry employees trying to make nominal self-interested appearance of regulation look legitimate. http://otscweb.tamu.edu/About/Mission.aspx http://www.tamu.edu/
Basically, AAFCO, a bunch of Ag food reps, funded by industry, set up a bunch of recommendations, their members (more of the same) take those to their state regulators with modifications and that's what gets passed as state law so it's even more watered down than what AAFCO puts out. Then food manufacturers put a stamp on their food that says they meat AAFCO standards which looks good because it's more than their state law requires but they can drop below AAFCO and not be in trouble with anyone so long as they don't drop below their state law's requirements.
AAFCO does provide links to state Ag regs at http://www.aafco.org/Portals/0/Public/2008_Summary_Feed_Legislation.pdf In Texas, that links to http://www.agr.state.tx.us (notice that isn't the same web address as the AAFCO's Texas members). Those state links and the abyss at the FDA (http://www.fda.gov/default.htm) are what you actually have to wade through to find out what the minimal legal requirements actually are.
But doesn't AAFCO do a great job of getting us to anyalize their "regulations" that mean absolutely nothing?
PJBoosinger February 1st, 2009 08:17:40 PM
So what wet and dry foods are the least contaminated and best formulations for cats and dogs? Or alternatively are there any sources you'd recommend to find this info? Or do you know of any good sources of make it yourself cat food/dog food? thanks, P!
Caroline February 2nd, 2009 01:57:57 AM
I actually thought 'undeveloped eggs' meant the ones from inside the chicken that hadn't become full eggs yet. Hmmmm.....
These are moments when I'm glad I prepare my own food for the critters.
Ingrid February 2nd, 2009 06:06:00 AM
For specific veterinary nutrition information I'm big on recommending AAVN, the American Association of Veterinary Nutrition and its list of veterinary nutritionists who will answer your questions and formulate specific diets for your pets (via telephone, for a fee).
Dr. Patty Khuly February 2nd, 2009 08:06:44 AM
I agree with Dr. K that those are the best options at the moment. Both seem to be aware of these types of issues and staying on top of them to the best of their ability and, doing so, is far beyond the ability of individuals because it changes minute to minute. We all need to push regulators (state and federal) for accurate disclosure on packaging and very stiff penalties for deception and lies.
PJBoosinger February 2nd, 2009 02:20:42 PM
The last time I took a veterinary nutrition course (which I admit, was over a year ago), the instructor laughed off the label "human grade", and implied it was just a marketing tactic to win over gullible pet owners. She claimed there was no reason to spend more for "human grade" pet food, because all AAFCO-certified food is equally "nutritious". I nevertheless continued to feed all my pets homemade food, and had my choice validated by a recent edition of a Discover Science TV show called "Dirty Jobs". The host of the show spent the day at the North State Rendering plant in Oroville, California. His day began by going around to area farms and collecting dead livestock (dead from age or illness, we're told), some of which were bloated and a few days old. Many of the cows were crawling with maggots. The cows were skinned at the rendering plant, then the whole carcass was put into a giant grinder. The resulting mess was cooked, oil skimmed off for industrial uses, and the remaining dry matter packaged up for use as chicken feed, pet food, and garden fertilizer. I don't care if it's baked and boiled and sterilized, I don't want to feed my dogs and cats rotting diseased cows blended with fly larvae. This also validated my past decision to only buy eggs from "vegetarian hens" -- chicken should not be fed this crap, either.
Leigh-Ann February 3rd, 2009 05:45:09 AM
Just because it's not "human grade" does not mean that it is not nutritious. The body doesn't care where it gets it nutrients from be it porterhouse steak or beaks and feet. All that matters is that it gets the necessary amino acids to continue protein synthesis and the building of new cells.
Sean Clare, RVT February 22nd, 2009 10:51:13 PM
Soylant Green; the other "human grade" protein. Maybe we're not there yet (or are we). The dog and I are both going to a whole food diet. I don't care what the chemical analysis of rendered products are. I don't want them in my food, my makeup, or my pet's food.
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