Cat vs. bird. It’s a Dolittler theme for sure. But there’s always something unsettling about the emotional discussion that inevitably ensues whenever the problem of free-roaming cats killing birds gets raised. It's something I can only describe as “stressful” on the TNR (trap-neuter-release) and environmental front.
I’ve always had cause to ponder the dilemma more intimately than most. That’s because I hail from a family of birders and environmentalists. And we all know what that means:
The TNR argument will never best the avian side of the equation over the dinner table. Irresponsible cat owners will be lambasted. Cats will be called vermin. Diminishing bird population stats will be cited. And I’ll be crawling under the table to avoid the onslaught of terms best reserved for people who would protect cats at the expense of the environment...people like me.
It’s especially discomfiting when you consider I spend most of my volunteer hours spaying and neutering feral and free-roaming cats. Yes, my name is Patty and I “commit TNR.” Everyone knows it.
TNR is something I do because I believe it’s the most humane solution to the problem of feral and free roaming cats we have available to us at the present time. It’s what’s best for the individual cats.
Nonetheless, I do allow that TNR is almost never what’s best for birds. Formal policies that favor feline colony eradication are undoubtedly the ideal solution to the problem of bird predation by cats. But that’s not politically tenable where I live. Therefore I TNR. And seeing as there’s no other solution given the preponderance of the pro-cat voice in my community, I “comfortably” avoid the issue of feline eradication altogether and do my part where I can (urging relocation if at all possible).
Here’s where the film comes into the story. I’ve got this family member pushing me to positively review this “amazing” ten-minute clip put out by the American Bird Conservancy. Problem is, the piece is pretty atrocious. It’s full of D-list authorities spouting not-so-authoritative stuff about how feral cats kill birds, how TNR doesn’t work and how it’s bad for the cats because they suffer in the wild. It’s just another bit of bitter birder propaganda seemingly aimed at convincing its power base it had it right all along.
In case you couldn't tell, I detest this kind of drivel. I don’t need to have my opinions pandered to or my facts spoon fed by questionable sources. Not if it’s a not-quite-carefully orchestrated series of superficial sound-bites with zero citations and two case studies (which, in this case, I happen to know as much or more about than the “authorities” who discuss them because they’re local to me).
Not that I disagree terribly with their conclusions, mind you. It’s that I abhor the style of the message and the slant in delivery more than anything else.
Which is why it was a good thing I was asked to review this clip. Because now I know what makes this debate so stressful: It’s all about the tone that rankles––not to mention the emotional intransigence that accompanies it. Spare me the feverish pitch and the moral imperatives, please––not to mention the pretty feathery-friend footage amid a sea of marauding carnivores. At least make an attempt to provide a balanced perspective by way of conveying the complexity of the matter.
Lest you accuse me of much the same, I’ll readily admit to lacking all the pertinent facts. I’ve read the same studies many of you have and have reached this conclusion: There’s no smoking gun kind of evidence to prove the average cat in the average community contributes mightily to the ecological disasters visited upon the average region. Humans do that all by themselves without the help of free-roaming housecats.
But let’s not let the argument end there (as we too often allow). Instead, let’s move towards some sort of rational system for determining how our cats will be dealt with on a case by case, community by community basis. Because cats CAN wreak havoc on environmentally sensitive lands. There’s no doubt on that score. There the studies do prove convincing and offer a strong argument for relocation or eradication.
Armed with this information, it’s now up to each individual community to decide whether their particular ecosystem’s preservation is worth one more human-inflicted insult. Because ultimately, this isn’t about cats and birds or who did what to whom first. It's not even to do with whether TNR is for feline fruit loops or not. (I can see both sides of that coin, for sure.)
No, this debate is about what should be a dispassionate attempt to balance human needs with the ecosystems that support us all. But how to get there obviously eludes us in the face of cute kitty cats and teeny-weeny defenseless birdies. That's why I propose taking the animals out of the equation altogether. It might just be what ALL of us need to start making rational decisions at the community level. And then maybe––just maybe––I can rest easy at the dinner table again.
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If we're considering the ecological impact of roaming cats, what about the controlling effects they have on the populations of pests such as mice, rats, moles and voles? Haven't we eradicated most of the natural predators for these animals in the suburban environment? I used to have cats (spayed/neutered) that were allowed to roam and they would typically bring home their kills. We had the occasional small bird, but mostly they captured/killed rodents and even occasional squirrels and rabbits (of which we have many!). I bet we had at least twenty rodents for every bird.
John Frazier August 14th, 2009 01:22:11 PM
What I find ironic and yet so typical of our species is that we have almost single-handedly, through environmental pollution and habitat destruction, pushed many bird species to the brink, and then we want to demonize cats who might be picking off a few of the remaining ones here and there. It's ridiculous.
Wanna protect birds? There is another species that we shoudl be focusing on controlling.
Stefani August 14th, 2009 01:25:12 PM
I would start by saying that I walk the fence on this issue. I don't have a solution but continue to listen to points from both camps. I agree with the fact that humans probably have a bigger negative impact on wildlife across the board than feral cats. That being said I don't like to see feral cats in the conditions that they live (sometimes)--fleas, ear mites, lacerations, wounds, worms, etc.....
Yes I can patch them up and temporarily get rid of these things but then they are going to contract most if not all of these things again.....really is that a quality of life?? I don't neccessarily think so.
I think that the issue is dependent upon the area as well - in some places there might be a rare species of bird/wildlife that would be under more pressure and/or be a greater loss to lose. But if we could get these cats trained to take out pest birds like starlings and sparrows!! Just kidding...sort of. I really don't want to see anything die for no reason than to make the other sides point so I will continue to wait with baited breath for the answer to this on going dilema.
JC August 14th, 2009 02:04:55 PM
Birders think cats go after birds primarily, because they cannot imagine that any living creature doesn't love birds above all.
Also, they haven't noticed that, unlike birds, cats don't have wings.
My cats have been indoor only for several cat generations now, but when I had cats that went outside, they mostly killed rodents, for which I strictly enforced appropriate gratitude. When they did take a bird, it was a pigeon. I defy even the most dedicated birder to tell me that pigeons are anything other than rats with wings. Locally now, my cats stay inside, but the roamers and the ferals do seem, as anyone except birders would expect, to be primarily taking rodents.
Also, since feline colony eradication has a lousy record of actually reducing the number of cats in a given area, and TNR has an excellent record of reducing the number of cats in an area, you're wrong even in assuming that feline colony eradication would somehow be "better" for the local bird population than TNR.
Lis August 14th, 2009 02:13:06 PM
Don't be too quick to label birds as nuisances. I live in Northeastern Wyoming, and we are having a bumper year for grasshoppers. The only reason I have any garden left at all is because of the starlings and their hopper eating, for there are far too many for our native birds to deal with, and I am not comfortable using pesticides.
Maria Shanley August 14th, 2009 02:13:15 PM
People who live in houses made of clear-cut bird habitat shouldn't thow stones at cats.
My own cats do not roam free (except when they slip out for a day here and there). For ferals, I believe in removing colonies from areas with endangered species, and TNRing the rest.
Gina Spadafori August 14th, 2009 03:16:48 PM
JC says it's a "fact that humans probably have a bigger negative impact on wildlife across the board than feral cats" and my problem with her words is that 'fact' and 'probably' don't equate in that sentence. Humans, hands down, have been the biggest and most lethal cause for the decrease (and few increases) in bird populations - all species, all habitats. Changing habitats, whether in loss of trees, loss of grasslands, loss of marshes, etc. causes changes in food/water and nesting availability, and without those things, the reproduction suffers. It wouldn't make much difference if a cat killed a mature potential breeding bird (or another bird or a car for that matter), if there's little to no chance that the bird could successfully reproduce anyway.
And cats do kill things, when they are presented with a fairly easy opportunity. Small rodents, fast and careful as they might be, are still easier for the average cat to catch than a bird - unless that bird is sick, old, or very young, and those are the ones who have so little chance to get away from any other predator that if it's a cat or a fox, the end result is still the same - dead bird, not adding to the population.
As far as feral cats having a poor quality of life - if the habitat is degraded, then most, if not all, of the species sharing it will have a poor quality of life. Little and/or poor quality food/water/shelter allows disease to glom on to any and all species, again, making their ability to reproduce decline. If people are so concerned about helping birds, yes, by all means, keep your cats indoors and get them s/n so that the occasional escapee doesn't end up with extra kittens that might end up living outdoors. But, also plant and maintain a bird-friendly habitat in your own yard and try to encourage neighborhood landscaping to assist with habitat enhancement.
Just throwing up a birdfeeder with lots of cheap cracked corn in it won't do the trick, though. (It will bring more sparrows, pigeons, starlings, and doves, which many find objectionable.) Planting actual grasses, shrubs, wildflowers and trees, and making sure there's a clean source of water will bring a lot of beauty to your yard, and a lot more birds. Then you and your indoor cats can watch the show from the comfort of a nice window seat, and you can know that you've done more to help birds and cats than those who just pick one side and insist they're 100% right.
KateH August 14th, 2009 03:55:46 PM
I can't take a side in this battle. We humans have more than doubled our world population in my lifetime. Allegedly, we've had slightly less human population growth in the US. Not sure I believe that but, even if it's true, far fewer of us are living in cramped, overcrowded one room stacked urban dwellings. We've spread and spread, clear cut and destroyed the habitat that once belonged to the animals. We're selfish and don't want to share. I miss stepping outside to a yard lit up with fireflies but I don't miss having to put on my boots because of the snakes. Still, I know it is the human sprawl and destruction that needs tending most of all. If we don't do that, the birds, snakes, feral cats, and on and on, will have no habitat whatsoever in the not so distant future. We have reached a sad point when a coral reef is being protected only for future harvest because it might be useful to treat human cancer. Why do I suspect that, if it does serve that purpose, we'll rapidly harvest and destroy the entire reef and; if it doesn't, we'll drop it's protection and it'll be lost to damage from fishing harvests? This is one of those days when I don't think we'll even reduce our destruction of the planet until something truly dire happens and maybe not even then. I feel foolish even discussing my own pets and such micro issues as birds v. feral cats.
PJBoosinger August 14th, 2009 05:06:05 PM
Human habitat destruction and environmental poisoning is far, FAR more destructive to bird populations than feral cats could ever dream of being. Anyone who claims that TNR is "bad" or "doesn't work" or "is destructive to birds" is full of horse manure. It's a knee-jerk, cat-hater reaction with no basis whatsoever in science or reality. I've seen TNR work. I've made it work firsthand. It is the ONLY method of population control for feral cats that has EVER proven effective ANYWHERE.
Cats are not destroying our bird populations. WE are destroying our bird populations. The decline in songbird populations is due to our Round-up, our pesticides, our housing developments, our giant chemical-dependent agribiz, and, frankly, our arrogance. Stop poisoning and ripping the guts out of Planet Earth, and birds will return, feral cats or no. Period. End of discussion.
Kiff August 15th, 2009 12:51:54 AM
I live in city but most of my ferals are country born. Think meadow cats. When I did TNR at the 29 acres where our small business is located than I had to ask my felines to deal with their natural enamies: the fox, the hawk, the owl, the coyote, the rattlesnake or copperhead. I'm sure not a big thing in the scheme of life, but to think on Friday " well Monday we will trap so and so" only to come to work on Monday and find before mentioned cat's shredded body parts. Once rescued my once feral felines do not go outside. Living in the city the neighborhood cats still have to defend themselves from the hawk, the owl, stray dogs, cars and B B gun crazed neighbors. I only have one cat who is allowed outside supervised, ( his choice) . The only animals he has brought home were a few elderly White Wing Doves, or baby Blue Jays (all alive, which are passed on to the local Wildlife Rehab) and the occasional rat ( good cat). Always think it strange that my once feral country cats stare out the windows and then turn around and take a nap. In 10 years I've had only 4 escapes and each when returned to the house never go near a door leading to the outside again. I believe a domestic cat can only catch an sickly or basicly stupid bird: until they evolve where they can hunt in packs like wolves than maybe they could hurt a local ground nesting bird population but believe the Fire Ants will beat them to it. Denise
Denise August 15th, 2009 03:05:32 AM
I lose more birds to hawks than to cats! My cats are all indoors with the exception of one, who is out with me under supervision and has never caught a thing in her life. I also don't have neighbor cats feeding at the bird feeder, but I do have hawks, raccoons and possum in my city backyard. Also, I don't like to "rate" some birds as more deserving of saving than others. I happen to love my sparrows and mourning doves quite as much as my woodpeckers and cardinals.
I agree that habitat destruction and toxins do more to destroy a species than feral/roaming cats.
dottie August 15th, 2009 03:26:10 PM
As a pre-vet student I work at a wildlife clinic for some experience.
I've been defensive of outdoor cats my whole life. I was raised to believe pets (cats and dogs) are outdoor creatures and keeping them inside was cruel and unnatural. However, working at the wildlife clinic has changed my tune somewhat.
It's a bit numbing how many baby and adult birds come in with cat-related injuries. If I could roughly estimate, I would say that about half our birds, orphaned or adult, are rescued from cats. Rabbits and squirrels are also common victims. Of the cat-caught birds, a remarkably large number of them die. Sometimes they have no obvious wounds and simply expire while under our care.
I just want to say: just because your cat only brings in a bird once a year doesn't mean they don't injure or kill countless others they don't bring in. Many cat-caught critters get away initially, only to die of shock, wound or infection. I agree that its tempting to dismiss the impact of feral and outdoor cats on bird populations as being less significant than other human interventions. However, that doesn't mean that the effect of feral cats is insignificant. Everything matters.
dreamdvm.blogspot.com
LeAnne August 15th, 2009 08:15:50 PM
LeAnne, first of all, let me reiterate that my cats stay indoors and have for twenty years or more.
However--The prior cats, that did go outside, brought back prey. They brought it back dead, and they brought it back alive. Not being dead didn't mean the prey didn't get brought in.
A very tiny percentage of those prey items were birds. A tiny percentage of the birds were anything other than pigeons or starlings. And--brace yourself for depravity here--the one time it was a dead blue jay, our reaction was along the lines of "Hail the conquering hero comes!" because jays attack cats, and they represented a significant threat of injury to the local cats.
Are you saying that the number of birds that escape initially but subsequently die due to their injuries is disproportionately high compared to the number of rodents that suffer the same fate? And if so, what's the basis for that belief?
In any case, feral colony eradication kills a lot of cats, but it has never been effective in reducing the number of feral cats in an area. Trap-Neuter-Release doesn't kill nearly as many cats, but has an excellent record of actually reducing the number of feral cats in an area over time. Which would you prefer to see pursued in the neighborhood of your wildlife clinic?
Lis August 15th, 2009 08:33:35 PM
As an organic gardener who encourages both birds (to eat insects) and cats (to eat rodents), I think much of it boils down to habitat. In conferring with collegues (some of whom are very well-known), most of whom have outdoor cats (usually a feral that doesn't want to come inside at all), we plant for birds and the addition of the ferals just hasn't made a dent in our bird population. (We have all, however, seen hawks put dents in feral kitten populations, which is another reason to support TNR) I personally still have flocks of goldfinches right now, eating my sunflowers. With feral cats and when planting FOR birds, both populations seem to continue unaffected, while the rodent and rabbit population seems to go down (which means more seeds for the birds.) After 20 years, I'm just not seeing my bird populations go down, no matter how many feral cats move in.
However, in neighborhoods where people watch birds, but do not garden, they have noticed that free-ranging cats reduce the numbers of birds in their bird houses and feeders. They are not "planting for the birds" or for themselves (which at least does provide opportunities for voles, although we all hope for no other rodents).
So, I'm wondering if it's habitat -- if the cats have the choice and opportunity, will they choose rodents and baby rabbits over birds? If there are no rodents, do birds give cats the opportunity to be hunters, so they hone their skills for what prey they have? I don't know, but I'd LOVE to see some studies on "how cats choose prey" because, really, does anyone know?
I also ask this question because the Indoor Cat Initiative http://vet.osu.edu/indoorcat.htm has a whole section on "What Prey Does Your Cat Prefer?" so that you can choose the best toys for them. Is there a type of cat that will chose birds as a prey over rodents? Is it opportunity or do cats have a genetic proclivity for rodents, birds or bugs (the choices at the ICI)? Does anybody know?
It seems to me that if we could answer these questions, we'd be able to solve the "cats vs bird" question a lot better.
Dorene August 15th, 2009 10:17:22 PM
LeAnne, your statement "Sometimes they have no obvious wounds and simply expire while under our care." at the end of others saying cats are injuring and killing many birds, is telling. It's as if you're going to blame cats for every bird that comes to you, even when you have no reason to think it was a cat that caused the trauma. If there's no obvious wounds, the bird most likely hit a window or was HBC, which are human-caused issues.
I also worked a bit in wildlife rehab, and Dorene points out something that many people don't think about. It matters very much what the habitat is like - whether it can support any creature well, if it can only support some creatures (well or marginally), or if can support a goodly number of different species because it's a more-varied habitat. In cities and suburbs that are highly developed, with few treed areas (just 1 tree at the curb and a couple in planters at a parking lot), then the species ones finds will be limited in number and cats will be struggling even more than the pigeons, sparrows, and gulls. Out in a much more 'country' area, there will be more species and cats might be catching a wider variety of birds, but they will also be catching a wider variety (and higher number) of rodents.
That you're not seeing people bring you a lot of mice, shrews, and voles doesn't mean that cats are only going after those birds that you see. It means most people aren't going to touch a half-dead rodent (except for squirrels - which are far more often HBC or hawk injured) to bring it to you. Yes, baby bunnies get grabbed, occasionally, by cats - more often by dogs! - but if the habitat is good enough for rabbits, it's hard for cats to do more damage than cars, insecticides, and opposum, raccoon, fox, and hawks/owl.
Also, while your numbers of cat-injured birds might seem huge to you, if you're getting 4-6 in a week, that's a lot for a rehabber to try to save, but not as many as are being killed by so many other causes, which could be 4-6 an hour being killed by humans and other creatures.
KateH August 16th, 2009 07:11:31 AM
KateH: I interpreted LeAnn's comment to mean these were injured birds cats had defintively been involved in bringing in to an owner. Despite having a confirmed report of cat on bird activity in these cases, no visible wounds were seen.
Having worked as a wildlife rehabber myself I can attest to dealing with many cases like this. Owner brings in bird that had been brought inside by the family cat. Nary a puncture wound in sight. Hardly a missing feather. And the bird dies of sepsis due to the many microscopic puncture wounds that inevitably attend these cases.
As a response to Lis: There is a reason to believe that birds are more likely to fail to survive a cat attack than a vole or a mouse might. Part of it has to do with bird skin. A cat may play with rodent prey and not kill it but that's extraordinarily difficult to do with a bird. Tiny passerines also have a way of dying of shock very quickly, which means a virtually uninjured bird succumbs to the shocklike prey response way before any injury will. They're just very delicate that way.
The other point KateH makes is also critical: lots depends on the habitat. In places where there are no native, mid-sized predators like cats, cats are especially damaging to both birds and native rodent populations. The Florida Keys are the poster child for this kind of a habitat and outdoor cats are a very big problem in this hypersensitive area.
But in other areas where cats have simply replaced other mid-sized predators due to habitat destruction, etc., the cats are more likely to kill birds at much the same rate as other predators would have. Sure, cats catch for fun, too, unlike some other predators, but their impact is far more minimal in these less sensitive regions.
Just something to think about.
Dr. Patty Khuly August 16th, 2009 11:24:41 AM
I have no reason to believe that when my cats successfully killed a bird, they would have been less likely to bring it to me than they would a rodent. Heck, one of my cats and a buddy brought me a live pigeon once; why would I assume they were holding out on the other birds?
How many escaped but died later, I have no idea. But then, LeAnne has no idea how many rodents the cats are killing, because who would briing in a dead or injured rat or mouse or vole? It's the ones that are considered cute that are brought in, the rabbits and squirrels--but in practical terms, they're pests just as much as the mice and rats.
And locally, the periods when we see dead but unconsumed small birds and rodents, prey items killed in clear excess of the needs of the killer, have always been the periods when the local redtail hawk pair has fledglings just learning to hunt. Total coincidence,I'm sure.
In any case, even if we were to accept as proven the claim that cats are a Major Threat to Songbirds, the road to reducing their numbers and impact is still TNR, which has a solid track record of achieving that, and not feline colony extermination, which has a solid record of NOT achieving a reduction in cat numbers.
Lis August 16th, 2009 10:14:07 PM
Sad sideline: A hawk took one of my chickens over the weekend. Not blaming the hawk...but my family did manage to blame the cats for reducing the rodent population the hawk *should* have been eating. Sigh....will the acrimony ever end?
Dr. Patty Khuly August 17th, 2009 12:21:27 PM
Dear Dr K, your blog is not a platform for your family's political statements, whether they be for the benefit of poor defenseless birdies or starving hawks. It's unfortunate that a family member would impose their agenda and put pressure on you to endorse it in your name. I commend your courage in posting a dissent. While the debate itself is noteworthy and merits discussion, I find it frankly distasteful that a family member would overstep personal boundaries in such a manner.
Perhaps such family member should create their own blog. I mean, that's what they're for, yes?
Deb August 17th, 2009 01:28:25 PM
Gotta ask: Is the "family member" under age? :)
PJBoosinger August 17th, 2009 07:22:41 PM
PJB: No, NOT underage. We're talking WELL over-age. ;-)
Dr. Patty Khuly August 17th, 2009 07:41:16 PM
Re:
"Of the cat-caught birds, a remarkably large number of them die. Sometimes they have no obvious wounds and simply expire while under our care."
That happened to a mouse in my house this year. One of my 4 cats is fast as can be. I have an old rambler with openings behind the stove and 2 of the last 3 years I've had mice. You'd think the mice would know better. Having had pet mice a couple of times, I have a real soft spot for them. The first time I got rid of them with a week of humane trap and release. This year however, JuJu ran past me with one in her mouth, and jumped up on the bed with it, the other cats in hot pursuit. Not knowing what to do with it, at some point she dropped it. I found it under the bedding and then got the cats out of the room.
It had no visible wounds, but wandered sadly out in the open for about a day and a half, getting weaker every minute. I put out peanut butter crackes and water for it, but it just died.
I felt really bad. But I can only imagine the response I would have gotten if I'd rushed it to the vet.
I need to prepare in advance for this this winter! I've moved the litter box to right in front of the oven (mmm, how appetizing) but I'm not optimistic that these dummies will take the big clue.
Stefani August 18th, 2009 07:03:37 PM
Stephanie,
I don't know why you would think a vet would laugh at you for bringing a mouse in. Why aren't thier lives valuable? Ninety eight percent of a mouse's genes are the same as ours. Recent studies show that mice giggle when they play together.
In India they revere mice. There a temples there where they feed mice and they crawl all over the worshipper who goes there.
If you had pet mice I think you would know that they have the ability to play with you by teasing you. Running to you then running away, then running back to you. Hopping aroung the room or in the grass like a child enjoying playing. They will come when you call them. They love to be pet. They will fall asleep upside down in your hand or in your clothes. A tamed wild Deer mice will do this, and also the common petstore mouse. Deer mice are known for being Houdinis. Mice are quick learners. How can one, especially a vet, not appreciate a frightened soft mammal who just wants to survive?
If you believe in evolution, you should know that we evolved from a small mouselike mammal, after the dinasaurs were extinquished.
You need to open your mind and realize that all of life is important and intricately related and has a lot in common with us. Any vet that doesn't revere all life isn't one you want to deal with.
Denise J.
Denise J. August 26th, 2009 04:03:06 AM
With Rabies Day coming up September 28th I am taking the animals out of the equation and requesting everyone view the CDC web site and research rabies and plague. TNR has proven ineffective even in NJ where it has been illegally (Migratory/Native Bird Acts and Humane Laws). Townships are closing their TNR programs because TNR is useless for feral cat population and rabies control. Florida outlawed TNR for the same reasons. All I hear from TNR advocates is a lot of hyperbola and production of no facts. The only reason anyone su[p[ports TNR is they don't want to euthanize a healthy animal that did nothing to deserve death...Maybe the people who didn't spay and nueter their pet and/or those abandoning an animal that don't take time to place a pet in anothers care should personally euthanize the unwanted cats...In the meantime, if anyone witnesses an animal abandonment film it (carry a camera phone) and proceed on a citizen's arrest under state and federal Humane Law. I want to see TNR go to court and try to wrap a juries" heads) around that releasing an animal a second time doesn't actually constitute abandonment/neglect. With 24M in ACA funds why can't TNR groups build secure, safe, well taken care of sanctuaries instead of releasing cats as coyote food or pests to a community?
cravenraven September 13th, 2009 01:08:54 PM
perhaps if we ate more cats than birds, our perspectives would be reversed?
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