Last year my own French bulldog underwent a simple procedure. Though bloody and a bit painful, my then eight year-old Sophie Sue came through brilliantly. Within 24 hours she was good as new—better, even, for her ability to breathe [almost] like a normal dog. But too few pug-faced breed owners opt for it.
As a kid I loved bulldogs but thought I’d ever own one. I’d seen too many train-wreck cases suffer the multiple abnormalities inherent in their breed. My three Frenchies (one is no longer with us) have sort of fallen in my lap—ironically, due to the very health concerns I despise. Still, I love them dearly and, because I have the means to care for them, I can live with their shortcomings knowing they’re better off in my home than in most others.
Short-faced (brachycephalic) bulldogs (and many other blunt-faced breeds) have small (hypoplastic) windpipes, closed up (stenotic) nostrils, excess oral and respiratory tissues clogging their airways, dwarfed limbs with abnormal joint angles and spinal abnormalities (leading to severe arthritis), a predisposition to obesity, and often suffer severe skin allergies, to boot, which makes them prone to infections in all the deep skin folds they possess.
(For the record, Frenchies fare much better than English bulldogs in almost every aspect of their health. I strongly recommend bulldog lovers to consider this breed over the English variety. Fewer puppy mills and backyard breeders seem to breed them—so far—so their genetics are often not as warped. Their smaller size makes for fewer orthopedic issues, too.)
I tell everyone not dead-set on spending lots of cash in vet bills, running high AC bills and working daily on hygienic ministrations to stay far away from these breeds. Yet the English variety is one of the most popular breeds at our hospital. Some clients buy them to breed them (figuring they’ll make a bundle of cash) before realizing that small litters with mandatory, expensive C-sections and a lower-than-normal survival rate (for the mom, too) is a poor choice for an entrepreneurial endeavor.
To make matters worse, too few owners are willing to undertake the necessary procedures required to make them comfortable: daily cleanings, arthritic management, allergy testing and treatment, and surgeries to open their airways or remove redundant skin when necessary.
To properly care for a bulldog, soft palate resection is perhaps the most necessary procedure, dramatically improving their comfort level. When dogs can’t breathe well because this long, droopy piece of surplus flesh clogs the opening to the larynx, it’s a must. If it’s not removed, the fleshy soft palate gets ever-droopier as they age, worsening their respiratory symptoms. Here's a visual primer:
Brachycephalics snore more (experiencing disturbed sleep), get hotter in simple situations (like taking a car ride), and can even suffer heat stroke when excited, anxious or over-exercised. Even a walk down the block in South Florida is impossible for these guys. Consequently, their joints hurt more with the weight they inevitably gain and the muscle mass they eventually lose.
It’s a common cycle that’s rarely reversed, even by vigilant, hard-working, responsible owners. Few people are bulldog-worthy; they assume these problems are part of having a short-faced breed—and thus explain them away. Worse still, some consider the rasping breath and the snoring as “cute.”
Yesterday, my cousin’s Frenchie (Hugo) was neutered, had his teeth cleaned and got his soft palate shortened. I did the first part, a technician did the second part, and I imported my boyfriend for the third. He’s a vet surgeon—and you should know that a specialist should always perform this procedure unless a GP is specifically trained for it and takes on many resections every year.
By the time he woke up, Hugo was feeling pretty groggy but his breathing was markedly improved. His typical rasp was gone and he seemed minimally put out by the whole thing. (There’s something to be said about a gentle bulldog demeanor, here. They recover very well from anesthesia—with careful monitoring to ensure their airways aren’t clogged by their large tongues and other tissues upon awakening.)
If you have a bulldog, you should know that you almost certainly need this procedure. Even vets don’t quite “get it.” To be sure, it’s not cheap, but our planet’s “free” oxygen?…it’s priceless.
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I'm a pekinese lover and have had pekes who had this problem and was never given this option. My current peke is what I call a "giant peke" as he is 20lbs. + and all muscle. He only snores occasionally. So, for him, I am not too concerned. (He snores when we snore - allergy season.) Most vets spend all the time they can warning about the dangers of anesthesia on the snub nosed breeds.
As to allergy, if your dog only itches when ragweed is in season, keep him inside and the problem will go away. If that doesn't work, allergy testing is warranted. Maybe even immunotherapy in the worst cases. Since I have allergies, I don't want the animal to suffer, but mild allergies from easily avoided things do not need treatment further than avoidance.
Now, granted, few dogs are as old or as robust as a well-bred pekinese. 2,000 years and still going strong is a pretty good record for any breed. But, I have seen a disturbing trend in recent years from breeders who breed for shorter noses and more fur without thinking about the dogs' comfort. Perhaps the AKC is a whole lot to blame for the problems in these breeds?
Pax,
MLO
MLO May 17th, 2007 01:15:00 PM
***Perhaps the AKC is a whole lot to blame for the problems in these breeds?***
Since the AKC doesn't breed dogs or write breed standards, how can they be to blame?
Jan May 17th, 2007 10:01:00 PM
Jan: I can't speak to the AKC's impact though I hear a lot of grumblings from the animal welfare community on that front. But if judges consistently lean towards those dogs with increasingly tough-to-get-right dwarfed and brachycephalic tendencies then they're at least partially to blame.
Dr. Patty Khuly May 18th, 2007 09:24:00 AM
Look to the breeders and the breed clubs, they are the one's who conduct "judges education", not AKC personnel. Watch the "bred by" classes at shows. This is where you can see what the breeders think is correct. Every standard is open to interpretation. If you want some comparison reading, try to locate an old AKC standards book. I have one from 1929, some clubs have tweaked the standard so much you can see that the parent club has gone for trends and why the old pictures don't look like the dogs of today. The AKC does not change standards, that is up to the parent club.
You (generic) have to question what those who have taken the direction of a breed to extremes are thinking. A breed that can't free whelp, or can't breathe normally has had poor caretakers.
I think you get an evolution in any area when you add in competition. Look at Thoroughbred horses, finer boned and faster than those of 50 years ago and seemingly more prone to breakdowns, even though they are more lightly raced than thier predecessors. Do you hear people blaming the Jockey Club (registers T-breds) for this?
Shall we blame the UKC (United Kennel Club) for the prepondrence of Pit Bulls? That organization was formed to register that breed, and support dog fighting. (They have since changed thier purpose, probably due to the illegality of the original.)
Sharpei were having eyes tacked and being bred for wrinkles & large heads long before they were an AKC breed...look to the parent club and breeders.
The only way I am affiliated with AKC is through my dog's registrations and participation in many of the venues they support. I just get tired of misplaced blame.
Jan May 18th, 2007 10:59:00 AM
The AKC, as the parent registrar, and sponsor of events allowing breed clubs access, does hold at least a moral responsibility. Any breed club that does not put the health of their respective breed should be barred from AKC recognition. Period. That they do not do this means their motivations are suspect.
Make no mistake, I consider the breeders themselves to be part and parcel of the problem. There are problems in today's pekinese that were never seen before. My family has had pekes for generations (Dad's uncle brought some over from China) and they were always long-lived, healthy dogs.
Honestly, the United Kingdom and UKC does a much, much better job of representing breed standards and protecting breed health. The AKC does have financial power in the form of removing their stamp of approval if a breed club is not making its primary concern the health of the animal.
This is true for any breed. The healthy peke of 20 years ago could whelp with fewer problems. Nowadays, due to the emphasis on making the head bigger and bigger, a C-Section seems to be de riguer. That is a shame. Why does a 2000 year old breed now need C-Sections to whelp? Something is terribly wrong.
MLO May 18th, 2007 12:32:00 PM
**The AKC does have financial power in the form of removing their stamp of approval if a breed club is not making its primary concern the health of the animal.**
A common misconception, a dog registered with AKC does not have any stamp of approval, they are not "Good Housekeeping". All it indicates is the pedigree. Then, you also need to look at the breeder, are they reputable? The paperwork behind any animal is only as good as who has signed it. Also why DNA testing has been implemented, not everyone is honest.
**The AKC, as the parent registrar, and sponsor of events allowing breed clubs access, does hold at least a moral responsibility.**
I can't think of any entity that has been successful in dictating morality. Some breed clubs have a code of ethics, which include health testing, many don't. I copied the health portion of the PCA code of ethics...fairly wide open.
>>Health
Dogs will be kenneled with adequate room and sanitary conditions. Puppies and adults will be de-wormed and inoculated. Any dog that has defects of a nature that will make it detrimental to the breed will be sold or placed as a pet, under the condition that it be spayed or neutered, further noting on the American Kennel Club transfer record that the dog must not be bred. <<
In some breeds having a bitch that can't free whelp is a reason for removing her from a breeding program. In some breeds they accept that a C-section is the norm.
**Honestly, the United Kingdom and UKC does a much, much better job of representing breed standards and protecting breed health.**
The Kennel Club (Great Britian) & AKC both have health initiatives and financially support research, the UKC does not. Where the UKC gets some breed standards is an unknown. Many breeds do not not have a parent club that is recognized by UKC.
Jan May 19th, 2007 01:52:00 AM
Interesting discussion. I've always known there was more to this story. Can anyone recommend a good tell-all book on this subject from a relatively objective source? History, current practices, politics? If not then one of you should write one.
Dr. Patty Khuly May 19th, 2007 07:24:00 AM
How do owners of these short-nosed dogs know if they should/need this surgery? If a dog has this abnormal airway, would it affect him if he's put under anethesia for other purposes, like getting his teeth cleaned or neutering, etc?
Oli May 22nd, 2007 05:25:00 PM
What about boxers? Are they in need (sometimes) of this surgery? Do they have a predisposition to arthritus?
Also, interesting side note- the dog we adopted from the humane society in Feb as an adult- well, we found one of her former owners (owned her mother). It turns out she is half english bulldog, a quarter jack russell, and a quarter collie. We had thought her to be a boxer mix. Do mutts tend to escape their parent's breed-related illnesses?
jenn June 20th, 2007 04:32:00 PM
My son recently purchased a minature English Bulldog ($2400 fom a breeder in FL). "Puddles" is now approaching 4 months old. It appeared she had some breathing problems (sinus drainage) but none of the typical snoring while sleeping, so we took her to our vet this morning. Six hours and $420 later, we were informed she has only 25% of her soft palate...not the "typical elongated palate. We are shocked but have the pics and endoscopic video to prove. This congenital defect can lead to severe problems. Food and what not is becoming stuck in her nasal cavity and causing infections. At this point we are seeking information on this rare disorder. Not even sure if some type of reconstruction is available, who performs it, or what it costs. Any information would be greatly appreciated.
JetRx June 29th, 2007 12:32:00 AM
To my knowledge (and I've looked extensively), there isn't a book dedicated entirely to the topic of deformed dog breeds, although I think it would be a good thing for someone to write. I think (if I remember correctly) that Mark Derr touches on the subject in Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-human Relationship."
I think such a book would be a fitting endeavor for a veterinarian with a talent for writing (hint, hint!)
Lisa B July 5th, 2007 01:06:00 PM
I was so relieved to read your article. My pug, my baby, is undergoing the soft tissue and elongated soft palate surgery today. Your article did more than the vet did to help me understand what he is going though. Frank the Pug loves to play. He loves to run with his bigger cousins, a german shepard and black lab, go swimming and play tug of war. Many times I can tell he is frusterated that he can not keep up. He gets to physically tired, even though in his heart, he wants to keep playing. My husband and I decided to give him this surgery to improve his quality of life, but it is hard to know that we electively decided to let him go through the pain and fear. However, reading your article, I am again reminded and assured that the results will far out weigh the temporary discomfort.
Nicole August 15th, 2008 05:02:00 PM
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