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I know Dolittler's a pet health blog but occasionally (OK, more than just occasionally) I have to have my say on the farm animal thing.

Partly that’s because in a better world, I believe farm animals might make ideal “pets,” as they once did. No, maybe never like dogs and cats—but in a respectful, reasonably companionable sort of way, as “livestock” (like my goats).

It’s because of my lifelong interest in animals, food, health (mine as well as the animals’) and their intersection that I went to vet school, studied business, went to culinary school (briefly),adapted to seasonal, locally-grown produce (almost exclusively) and became a goat-keeper with an eye towards milk production and trading for produce and eggs with my local farm cooperative.

Recently, I’ve been engaged in reading a series of books on food theory and agriculture (I go through bursts of excitement on certain topics and tend to read books in groups). Last week it was Renaissance trade (email me for a reading list). This week, I’ve been attacking agricultural topics in anticipation of having a milk producing goat in the family and needing to deal with her offspring (keep, slaughter, sell?).

All of this has led me to re-read Diet for a Small Planet, purchase a copy of Ishmael (at a friend’s suggestion) and take up The Omnivore’s Dilemma to round out the group (hence the title of this post).



Now, those of you avid readers out there may have embarked on some of these titles yourselves. They’re fairly prominent and popular award-winning books and I certainly recommend all three. And you may well wonder at my choices. After all, none of them are “how-to” books on goat-keeping. Still, I felt it might offer me food for thought and some help in solidifying my own philosophy of farming.

Though I’m not done with The Omnivore’s Dilemma, I feel sufficiently knowledgeable to say the following: I am no closer to knowing what to do with my goats than I was when I started this little reading project of mine.

Like most of you, I still face the “omnivore’s dilemma.”

Though I’ll still maintain my low animal protein, high-produce, locally grown approach (for the sake of fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gasses, my family’s health and animal welfare), I now feel compelled to concern myself with the larger issues of how destructive agriculture may be, in general.

Animal agriculture in factory farm settings is doubtless a mistaken approach from my read of things. Not only is it unfair from the point of view of the animals, it’s also an inefficient use of our fossil fuels and revves up the greenhouse gas effect

But is our culture capable of shifting back to a more individualized approach to raising animals for food? Is it willing to pay up in hard labor or higher prices?

Even more to the point: Have we become so accustomed to how we eat today to ever forego daily doses of animal protein? Will we ever be capable of evolving back into a people who can wring chicken necks when the closest we ever get to birds these days is a Chicken McNugget? I wonder…



And even if we do manage to revive the spirit of the subsistence family farm, will that be enough? Or does our insatiable drive to conquer the planet in its entirety invariably require an inexorable drive to feed the teeming human multitudes we’re presently unwilling to control.

I like to think of these issues in terms of animal welfare and, more recently, in terms of goat-keeping. But when I think more broadly, it’s clear to me that as we continue to overrun the Earth with our endless population growth, feeding the masses with grain will take precedence over animal proteins and family farming may well make its revival.

It’s both a comforting and frightening thought. It’s especially scary because if my prediction has any merit, I’d have to wonder if we’re capable of taking the next step…

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Comments
I heard an interesting statistic last week that skipping just one serving a week of animal protein will save more in greenhouse gasses than buying locally grown produce for that week. (it was on NPR…based on a study done at Carnegie Mellon University)

I think this is a big reason for the price increases in Corn, wheat, etc. --> it's not that people are necessarily eating more, just eating different. Emerging 'middle' classes in China, India, etc. can afford animal proteins more and more, and the grains need to produce the animal proteins far outweigh the amount of grains they ate previously.

In coming years I'm guessing animal proteins will get more and more expensive, and we'll all consume less of them…which is good news for a lot of reasons. (not the least of which is animal welfare, and human welfare for that matter)

Either that or we'll just get a lot better at factory farming and genetic engineering…which is probably not good news for the animals.
# Posted By Larry | 5/13/08 8:49 PM
I recommend _Animal, Vegetable, Miracle_ by Barbara Kingsolver to go along with these. I grew up in the midwest, surrounded by giant farms (North Dakota). Generally you wouldn't see much in the way of ranching until you drove to Western ND and into Montana. Because of the different soil, rainfall, terrain, etc. the land became unsuitable for farming and best for keeping livestock. My thought is that there are many places unsuitable for one or the other. Also, it's far more efficient to specialize in one thing than many. Finally, there's just too damn many humans on this planet for us to revolutionize the way we live and eat. I applaud the people who are making those changes in lifestyle to feed themselves as much as possible, eat locally, etc., I will too in about 10 yrs.
# Posted By Margaret | 5/13/08 9:14 PM
This was a fun post to read. My family is mulling over the same issues re: locally-grown foods, love for meat (for my part, anyway), and just plain overall health. Michael Pollan recently published what he called a quasi-sequel to Omnivore's Dilemma, called In Defense of Food. He also had a fun speech at the TED Talks conferences earlier this year (do a search for him at www.ted.com; you won't be disappointed).
# Posted By Dan Mandle | 5/13/08 9:40 PM
oooh, I'm glad to see someone else enjoys those TED talks. That's got to be my favorite site on the internet. (besides Dolittler of course)

It's basically a collection of 20 minute talks from the smartest people you'll ever meet. Before they were made public, Presidents, CEO's, Artists, etc. would kill for the privilege to pay $6,000 and more to attend the TED conferences. Getting an invite to a state dinner at the white house was easier.

Dan's right…watch a couple of the videos at ted.com…you won't be disappointed. This one is a good start…but there are videos on every topic you can imagine.

http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/40
# Posted By Larry | 5/13/08 10:35 PM
Back in the mid-70's, when a lot of people drove the small 4 cyl. cars and we waited in gas lines for our $5 limit, my husband (ex) and I thought we would attempt full "self-sufficiency" . We heated with wood that we cut/chopped/stacked, bought a couple of rabbits and geese, and much later a goat.

When it came time for "slaughter" or having the goat bred---neither one of us could do it. And we couldn't bear the thought of consuming anything we cared for, fed, and patted on the head. We managed to eat ocean/fresh water fish ,though. And he had long given up hunting. Failures, we were, I guess.
# Posted By Barbara A. Albright/New Hampshire | 5/14/08 12:05 AM
I have been really heartened lately by lots of stories on TV about how people are starting to grow their own food again (veggies, mostly). They are doing it because of the price of food, but also because of health concerns -- we've gotten very scare about what is in our food. I think that perhaps there may be a sincere movement toward buying local, organically grown food that will become the norm, and even in some cases, people having their own little veggie plots.
# Posted By Stefani | 5/14/08 12:28 AM
I always considered myself a proud omnivore, but in the past year I've been reading a lot about how food animals are treated (and not treated, they're exempt from a lot of cruelty laws). About 8 months ago I decided to go completely vegan. I figure, if something doesn't HAVE to die simply so I can go through the drivethru at midnight to get a big mac, it shouldn't have to.

My mind hurts contemplating that so many animals are bred, born, raised in various conditions, shipped, killed, and processed solely so I can enjoy one five-minute meal which isn't necessarily the healthiest thing for me anyway. Even a pig raised humanely, with a large pasture and room to nest and raise babies, has a personality of its own and to me it makes no sense to kill that sentient being when plenty of non-animal alternatives exist.

I never, ever saw myself having this mindset but I can't seem to shake it. It makes being vegan pretty easy, once you accept that you will never have good cheese again. :) But you don't really *need* cheese....look here I am getting preachy again. :)

I would love to see our food economy switch to a much higher vegetable/fruit/whole grains emphasis and have meat very, very expensive. If you can pay $20 a pound for a steak, maybe you'll be more grateful to the animal who died for your dinner, and value their contribution to both you and the planet. However this would necessitate making fresh foods affordable for everyone, easy to prepare, and I bet we'd need more farmland to boot. I think it's *possible* to convert most americans to veganism (I don't mention vegetarianism because milk and eggs are worse than meat to me), but it will take a huge public education campaign and quite a bit of government support.
# Posted By anonymous in boston | 5/14/08 7:53 AM
I echo Margaret. Kindsolver's newest book is eye opening and a great read (as always).
# Posted By Creature of Habit | 5/14/08 8:37 AM
anonymous: When I DO buy beef I pay about $20 a pound already. It's hard to find lean cuts of well-raised beef for less--unless I buy hearts for my dogs (that's cheap).
# Posted By Dr. Patty Khuly | 5/14/08 8:38 AM
Really? Yikes! I had no idea that good steak costs that much. My Atkins friend orders hers through a local organic CSA, although she hasn't told me how much she pays.

ps--your goats are cute :)
# Posted By anonymous in boston | 5/14/08 8:44 AM
Another vote for "Animal, Vegetable, Miracle."

Funny, I was just talking about goats. Someone asked me if I got one, would I have milk and make cheese. I explained that I'd have to get set in my mind about what to do with the babies to get milk, and the person was surprised. Guess he thought animals gave milk just like a dispenser, unrelated to reproduction. Second round of such bizarre thinking, following the neighbor who thought eggs would hatch without a rooster.

On the blog I'm doing for my "day job," I find I've been writing a lot about food choices and the environment. Here's my book entry:

http://ourgreencommunity.org/livegreenly/?p=38

My chickens are doing great! All settled in and laying thee-four eggs a day now. And I, too, have been reading about small-scale agriculture almost non-stop.
# Posted By Gina Spadafori | 5/14/08 9:05 AM
It makes sense for everybody to support local farmers and humane, sustainable agriculture. I found a neat website recently that will tell you what's available in your area:

www.localharvest.org

(Apologize if posting is not appropriate here)
# Posted By Mary | 5/14/08 9:13 AM
I'm 3rding or 4thing Animal, Vegetable, Miracle-I liked it better than Omnivore's Dilemma.

And I have a goat I'm milking now. I'm making 'interesting' cheese and actually getting enough cream to make butter! Her kid he was a c-section baby and I tell him he's too expensive to eat. But I realized the other day if his sister had lived I would have had no problem butchering and eating him. Maybe it's because I've eaten chickens that I was fond of(cornish/rock roosters in town) but I like meat and I'll raise them myself or eat less meat and buy grassfed.

Rabbits are next-to the horror of some friends......
# Posted By rheather | 5/14/08 9:53 AM
more thoughts ...

Join Slow Food, if you haven't already: http://www.slowfoodusa.org/index.html

Also ... since I started eating whole, locally produced and mostly organic food (with meat as a condiment, not a mainstay), I've *effortlessly* lost more than 30 pounds and my blood pressure has dropped to normal.

And I wasn't a fast-food junkie before: Most of my take-out was from Whole Foods!

My CSA boxes start next Friday (http://www.soilborn.org/), which is good, because I'm late with my veggie garden because of book deadlines.
# Posted By Gina Spadafori | 5/14/08 9:54 AM
I lived in Germany working on 3 different organic farms for a year before starting vet school, and the practically self-sufficient family I lived with were so inspirational to me. They had 2 Jersey cows and 25 milk sheep. All the animals had names, even the lambs. They had a May festival while I was there and slaughtered one of the lambs, Mozart, to eat for it. He tasted lovely, and their four-year-old (who could recognise all the sheep, unlike me) was asking who it was, and then was saying "Mmmm, lecker Mozart!" quite happily (lecker is German for tasty). Those animals had a fine life, and were used well in their death, every part of the body was used.

I understand why people become vegetarians/vegans but the problem with that related to self-sufficiency is that it'd be nearly impossible to do without getting a nutritional deficiency in the winter months. Also, the more vegetable orientated a farmer's crops are, the more likely it is he's going to shoot the rabbits/birds wrecking those crops-I personally think it's a crime NOT to eat them when they're still getting shot. I personally eat fish about once a week, meat a bit less-but I eat a lot of dairy products.
# Posted By Sian | 5/14/08 11:06 AM
Are cornish hens loud?
# Posted By Sherri | 5/14/08 12:36 PM
An option for those who do not want to forego meat...but still eat local. Purchase a 4-H or FFA raised market animal at your local county fair. These animals (mostly sheep, hog or steer) were intended to be market animals from the get go. Their quality of life is probably the best that an animal destined for the dinner table could have. They have been well taken care of and even loved.
# Posted By eastofeden | 5/14/08 12:38 PM
I think in an ideal world, we all would have something proactive to do with our food supply, but let's face it, not many people live in the country and can sustain livestock and grow their own food. I have a very large backyard that mowing has become a chore, but there's no way in the world my HOA or city would grant me the dispensation to put a couple of goats back there for mowing, dairy or protein purposes. Chickens would be a hoot too, but it just won't happen. And my means won't permit me to move further out of town so I could have these fun projects.

As far as farmer's markets or locally grown produce, yes, they are around, but I simply do not have the time to drive 45-60 minutes to purchase something that I can purchase 2 blocks away, even if the quality is better! Gas prices factor into it too.

So it's just sad. I get sad when I think of stuff like this, because I'd like to do more, but it's just not feasible, and I can't uproot my entire lifestyle and spend money I don't really have for my beliefs, hypocritical as it may be. So what's a (sub)urban girl to do?

Well, I buy very, very little meat and dairy, I recycle as much as possible and drive as little as possible, plant a garden and I love on my pooches as much as I can. Oh, and I feel bad that I can't do more. :)
# Posted By Shasta | 5/14/08 12:50 PM
Slate.com's "Human Nature" column has printed several articles in the last year or so about how engineering meat in laboratories could eliminate factory-farming (as a spinoff on their reporting of genetic engineering already under way to develop in-vitro proteins). I know some are queasy about eating anything produced in a lab...except that many of us unknowingly do. I think it's a a viable alternative - once fully developed, costs could be reduced and no animals would have to die. Salvation through science! :)
# Posted By anna | 5/14/08 1:30 PM
I read Omnivore's Dilemma and Animal Vegetable Miracle, both good books and they have motivated me to change the way I shop and eat.

However, everything ends up being a compromise and I'm not sure that's the worst thing, it's more accessible for most of us. So many barriers to really changing for busy city-dwelling folks. A lot of people don't cook - I know how to cook but don't have time most days so I buy convenience foods.

If you think farmers markets are expensive, try finding convenience foods that incorporate local, sustainable production practices and be prepared for sticker shock. And as Pollan points out in Omnivore's Dilemma, mass-produced organic food is not local and probably not sustainable, although it is at least better for the soil in which it is grown or the feed is grown.

It comes down to time, money and access and I've already spent a lot of time trying to figure out where I would get truly cruelty-free poultry in Los Angeles. The stuff at Whole Foods may be "free range" but I gather it still comes from farms where 20,000 birds live in one building with occasional access to grass if the door ever happens to be open. Our farmers markets don't generally have meat, it's all about vegetables, fruit and flowers. I don't eat much meat but I do eat poultry - less and less. It's hard to change if you have limited time or money, or need to avoid high-fat foods.
# Posted By Anne | 5/14/08 1:44 PM
Anne, I'm where you are on this. Of flesh product, I eat only poulty and salmon. With the salmon, it is easy for me to find wild-caught, if I look and am willing to spend more. But with poulty, it is impossible for me to find "certified humane" poulty at the major grocery stores near me (safeway, giant). I don't think I've seen it at whole foods, either.

I hear that Harris Teeter carries it now, but there is not any Harris Teeter near me.

Apparently, Harris Teeter started doing this after pressure from PETA.

This is why I say I really do give PETA credit for SOME things. This is one of them. Although they may have abolitionist end-goals, a) we will never get there (to the abolitionist state, that is) and b) they have learned to push for progress, even small progress, along the way. They have played a big role in getting McDonalds to buy from less disreputable suppliers, etc. How much we can trust that, I don't know.

Here is a website that is supposed to allow you to find stores that sell "certified humane" products

http://www.certifiedhumane.com/where.asp
# Posted By Stefani | 5/14/08 5:36 PM
I love B. Kingsolver-- I guess I'm just slow in finding new reads lately. Thank you all kindly for the heads up!
# Posted By Dr. Patty Khuly | 5/14/08 6:11 PM
Thank you Stefani, that was a good link, mostly it lists Whole Foods stores but I was in last weekend and looking for some kind of humane label on the chicken and couldn't see any. I guess I have to ask the butcher. The more we ask, the more aware they will be.
# Posted By Anne | 5/14/08 6:11 PM
In the Omnivore's Dilemma, the author discusses hunting. I'm interested to know how you as a veterinarian and animal-lover view this? On the one hand, people do it for sport, on another, people do it to provide meat for their family. There's another book I can recommend on the subject, Bloodties by Ted Kerasote, offering a cultural perspective. Clearly, hunting is a bit outside the scope of this post, but maybe you'll consider the topic for a new post. After all, food is where animals and humans (and our pets) cross paths most frequently.Of course Miami is probably far afield from any hunting besides fishing.
# Posted By Margaret | 5/14/08 9:14 PM
We eat a paleolithic diet here... no flour, no grain, no sugar, just veggies, nuts, oils, fruits, and moderate amounts of meat. Hunter-gatherer diets.

I feed my dog a species-appropriate diet, along with the cats, and the birds, and the bunnies... and us too. We're lucky that we know a dairy farmer who's "old-school" and uses only the most humane practices with his animals. When an animal gets past peak production age, the animal is slaughtered, and not one piece goes to waste. People eat the people parts, and the dogs get the rest. (although occasionally there are arguments between the dogs and some of the old timers what constitutes a dog part or a human part... eww). But regardless, it's hormone, antibiotic, cruelty-free beef, and although it may not be AAA Prime Rib, it's still delicious by our standards, and meat that other large-scale dairy farmers would have sent for rendering after milking the poor thing practically to death.

I have a few uneasy bits about my meat eating habits, but I will never be vegetarian/vegan. I know very few in good health... I find my meat-stuffing artery-clogged friends to be of better health, in fact, and until someone can prove to me that a) we evolved to eat plant matter only and b) it's beneficial to our health, then bring on the riblets.
# Posted By kim | 5/15/08 10:54 AM
Margaret - Actually, there is a good bit of hunting close by. There are wildlife conservation areas within an hours drive from downtown. Personally, I don't hunt down here. I'm not big on trudging through the swamps for scrawny deer. However, I know a lot of folks who do hunt whitetail deer, turkey, feral hogs, and alligator. I have put in for a gator tag before, but have yet to receive one (there are quota hunts, and the harvest permits are awarded by a lottery).
# Posted By Chip | 5/15/08 2:44 PM
Good idea. I'll address hunting soon--I promise.
# Posted By Dr. Patty Khuly | 5/15/08 5:01 PM
This is a great thread! Very helpful. When I was but a lass -- well, in my 20s -- I wanted to move out of the city and get a milk goat. Didn't happen, but I understand the desire and a bit about the reality of it. What would cause problems for me now is that my mom and others live a distance, so if I want to visit them or take a weekend away, there aren't people around here to "goat-sit."

Mary and Gina, thanks for the links! These are I've seen floating around lately, but didn't know what to search for on the web.

EastofEded, good point! An animal purchase could be split with friends. In areas rural enough for 4Hers and FFAers, there are butchers who will butcher and wrap. and the purchase can be split between families if that would work better.

Shasta, we each do what is possible at the time. Your current efforts make a positive difference, and perhaps one day your life will change so you can live your dream. A "middle way" might be to start a cooperative group in your area so that only one person out of the group would drive to a farmer's market and purchase for all of you.

Dr K, thank you for keeping us thinking!
# Posted By Marcella | 5/16/08 6:21 PM
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