Vet Stress Muzzle it! The nuanced politics of bite prevention in pets

September 10th, 2008  

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Good timing on this post. A few weeks ago I walked into my vets office and she had several stitches in her upper lip. She had been bitten just that morning, fortunately by a small dog or it would have taken a lot more of her face off. A week later I had to take my other male lab in as he was developing an ear infection, and he absolutely hates to have his ears touched and he his terrified at the Vets because of a bad experience where another vet had him held down by two other people to look in and attempt to clean his ears because of infection. ( If I had been there that would not have happened, my husband just didn't know what to do ).
My vet ( whom I adore ) would sedate him if we had to clean them out. Before she attempted to look in his ears I asked her if we should muzzle him because of his fear . I don't want anyone to get hurt because of one of my dogs. I know he is a sweetie but I also know what absolute terror can do to a dog. She chose not to use a muzzle telling me she didn't feel threatened and then by playing with him and without anyone restraining him ( even me) she was able to get a good look in his ears. But had she wanted one I would have willingly put one on him.

I think that communication is the key to any relationship. How you ask is the key. If people refuse then they can go elsewhere.

Elizabeth - From Nova Scotia September 10th, 2008 09:16:00 AM

I have a sweetie-pie rescue mutt who is one of the most loving dogs I've ever known, but he turns into Cujo at the sight of a brush and a nail trimmer. So far I've not had to muzzle him during his brushings, prefering instead to try to acclimate and gentle him through the process. But if his groomer or vet wants to muzzle him, they are most welcome to. I wouldn't hold it against them at all if they prefer to come out of the experience with all digits intact.

Shasta September 10th, 2008 09:20:00 AM

Because I've been involved with sighthounds & racing greyhound adoption for so many years, any dog coming into this house has to know what a muzzle is. I keep quite an assortment of them at the ready. When my present two youngsters were under a year old, one had major dental surgery where a brand new pre-molar was removed along with a section of jawbone which was replaced with a bone implant. This pup was absolutely not allowed access to sticks, hard toys etc. Because both he & his buddy were the same age, the other boy likewise had to wear a muzzle outdoors in the yard to disallow him the edge over the recovering dog. Neither was threatened by the muzzle. It never slowed them down in their play & to this day wear them w/o comment.

The one caveat...If I were unable to watch these two at play I wouldn't consider leaving them with muzzles on. Much too dangerous.

If I have any reason to feel a dog of mine is going to become Cujo at a vet office, I simply bring his or her muzzle along & suggest it be used. Having suffered a serious dog bite I don't wish anyone to be hurt by one of my dogs so I beat the staff to the draw & hand them that particular dog's muzzle. I feel comfortable doing it & I know the muzzle I provide is going to fit well & work.

Ellie September 10th, 2008 09:21:00 AM

Interesting post. One of my dogs is an akita which isn't a popular breed with some people so this could come up at some point whith us.

I think I would be more offended if someone made an assumption based on breed than what they were seeing. If a dog is growling for instance and you want to use a muzzle that makes sence. If you are seeing warning signals the owners aren't I would suggest pointing those out to them before you ask to muzzle the pet. That way it makes sense to them and more palatable.

I do NOT think it should be a policy to muzzle for all procedures or all pets however. Not all vets or techs are great at reading dogs and may not care they are creating a long term specific fear in that pet because of mishandling. Vets and techs want it done NOW and may not have the time to baby some pets through the process to keep it a positive experience. Anything negative that happens to a puppy (in the PUPPYS perception) during a fear preiod for instance has more effect than if it happens at any other time in their life.

I know someone that has stopped ALL vet care for her cat because the last time he was in they muzzled him. Knowing the cat I would have darted him with a gun before attempting a vet visit so I understand why they did. But she will not be comforted about the incident.

Thanks for the viewpoint.

Marie September 10th, 2008 09:35:00 AM

Depends on the individual situation. If I knew one of my dogs was a problem - muzzle away; I'll even bring my own since the cloth muzzles look terribly uncomfortable.

I once stopped by a store to pick up a few items, since we were already there we stopped for a nail trim. One of the groomers muzzled my dog without asking permission, while muttering something about it being store policy to muzzle all large dogs.
The problems:
1) Four feet to my left were an unmuzzled adult Great Dane (nails) and an unmuzzled adult Giant Schnauzer (grooming)... some company policy, eh?
2) My dog normally sleeps through getting her nails cut, there was no way for him to know that of course, but communication is nice.
3) My dog has also never been muzzled, at least to my knowledge, I would've appreciated the option to introduce her to it slowly instead of having the muzzle slapped on. She's a pretty stoic dog, and I could tell she was spooked.
We walked out and haven't been back since.

Like Marie, I disagree with a blanket muzzling policy. If there are concerns about my dogs' behavior while being handled by strangers I'd rather discuss them first - we all miss things from time to time. If there is a problem tell me - I'll be more than happy to address it immediately through management, and hopefully through training as well.
Fear, dishonesty and non-existent communication is what got this store/groomer, and our previous vet fired.

AdoptedAPBTs September 10th, 2008 11:00:00 AM

Speaking of Akita’s, my dog is an Akita mix. He is the sweetest dog in the world. I was told by a dog day care that he couldn’t attend because he was an Akita and Akita’s don’t get along with other dogs. Never met the dog, just a blanket rule.

Betsy September 10th, 2008 11:57:00 AM

Education seems to be the place to start, both for the staff and the clients. Handouts seem pretty simple to give and Dr. Karen Overall has a good checklist for new puppy and kitten owners in "Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Small Animals" as a start. How often handouts are read and followed up on is debatable though, but maybe a demonstration on basic husbandry would help compliance. A muzzle can be discussed for every dog owner as a key part of a good first aid kit and how to condition a dog to accept/love it.

I hope every vet has a list of good trainers to refer dog owners to, especially those with new puppies. Husbandry exercises have been a part of the classes my training club teaches for several years now. One progressive trainer in our area even offers husbandry classes for dogs who are starting off on the right foot or need counter-conditioning. The classes are based on Kathy Sdao's outline at: http://www.kathysdao.com/articles.html

Dr. Sophia Yin has a new book coming out, "Low Stress Handling Restraint and Behavior Modification in Dogs and Cats," that looks to be a great resource for vets and trainers. More information at: http://www.nerdbook.com/lowstresshandling/index.ht... I have witnessed some terrible handling techniques at the hands of both vets and their staff that show no regard to basic anatomy and cause more stress and pain than is needed to accomplish a procedure.

Pets that are easier to handle receive more thorough care and make for a more pleasant visit for everyone involved.

Halle September 10th, 2008 01:13:00 PM

I can tell you that if ever a vet wanted to muzzle my dogs on account of them being pit bulls, the appointment would be over just like that.

I am excited for Sophia Yin's book to come out. I read a review of it somewhere or another and it looks fantastic.

katie September 10th, 2008 01:53:00 PM

For some dogs, the muzzle is so bothersome that it is a distraction from what the vet is doing elsewhere, and he never notices the procedure. Hooray for misdirection.

For others, the dog is prone to fight and struggle with the muzzle and become *harder* to handle than without.

Judgment call.

My vet just put four stitches in my eight-year-old SAR dog's face, two lacerations, just numbed it a little and had me hold her steady. No chemical restraint, no muzzle, no tech needed, and no fuss from the dog. (She reacted a lot more when I clipped the hair at home, frankly.)

I would certainly not expect him to do the same with a dog who was unknown, less well-trained, less well-handled, less trusting of both me and him, less stoic, less sweet. He's known this bitch her whole life, his practice manager owns a daughter, he's treated at least half a dozen of her relatives, not counting new pups. And he's known me for a dozen years as an owner and trainer. I've been known to bring in new fosters already muzzled, just in case. That's part of a 12-year relationship, one goal of which is, nobody gets bit, and nobody earns the stigma of having bitten.

Pet owners need to cut some slack for veterinary personnel and groomers who spend all day with the business end of hurt, scared, aggressive, sick, and untrained animals *right at face level.* If owners would do their part in handling exercises -- including teaching dogs to wear a muzzle without stress -- then it would be no big deal.

H Houlahan September 10th, 2008 01:57:00 PM

I don't think I've evr been asked to muzzle my dog--but I think it would be okay with me.

I have had a vet and a kennell immediate remove the dog's collar and give it to me on intake. I think that is a bit odd. I know they must have reasons (ant-choking?) but emotionally it feels a little like having an empty collar after a dog dies. Or maybe that is just me.

emily September 10th, 2008 04:04:00 PM

Betsy,

Please don't tell that to my akita. He goes to an off leash dog walk group, (with other dogs they we know) I have fostered for frenchie and akita rescue, and frequently have chow puppies and friends dogs as guests over. (check out the videos of him on my blog playing with the prison dogs in older posts) Does he like ALL other dogs, no but I don't expect ANY dog to like all other dogs on the planet. THose are not realistic expections. Alot depends on the behavior of the other dog for one thing. Not all of them have appropriate social skills.

I think the dog to dog aggression problem in the akita breed is twofold.

1) There are breeders using the excuse that it says "may be aggressive/dominant with other dogs" in the AKC standard as an excuse for dog to dog aggression and NOT trying to breed away from that trait.

2) Not enough people socialize them with enough other dogs as puppies. They grow big fast and people get worried with big strong dogs, especially when everyone is telling you they don't get along with other dogs. So much normal puppy behavior is misunderstood. "My puppy is aggressive because he bites other dogs" When I get to the house 99% of the time I find normal puppy playing.

An akita is a dog first, a breed second. Sure some WILL be bad with other dogs no matter what you do but that can happen with all breeds. It was to bad they didn't have knowledgeable enough staff to have an intake behavior test to rely on. I think ALL doggy daycare people should be required to take canine behavioral classes. There are so many things that can go wrong in that fixed situation if people aren't careful.

Sorry to have gone off topic.

I agree that perhaps people need to adjust their dogs to a muzzle if they know their vet will use them in the future. But considering how many poeple who don't do the general training or socialization I'd say don't hold your breath on expecting to many to step up to that plate.

Food for thought on getting one for my Jack though. I certainly would prefer he was already used to one that ever being in a position of being needlessly stressed.

Marie September 10th, 2008 04:32:00 PM

Emily: I agree with an empty collar being upsetting for me as an owner, and there's the additional concern of escape. I don't think that many clinics can say they've *NEVER* had a dog get loose, and any that claim it's impossible are asking for disaster. Taking the collar and tags off an animal in a strange and scary envronment that most dogs want to get away from scares me. What if they get out? No collar, no tags, no ID? Just pray they're chipped and whomever picks them up will scan? No thank you. I'm okay if a place wants to remove training collars/devices (please do for safety!) but the dog's everyday collar should stay on, thank you very much.

lindabcs September 10th, 2008 05:41:00 PM

I understand how some "pet parents" are in la-la-land about their pets... they can do no wrong. I think I can be less biased and a little more realistic. I think each situation can be evaluated individually, and carefully. I would absolutely tell my vet or vet tech if I think my dog will react poorly in a given situation. In fact, I think I owe to them to be as honest as possible. If I'm in doubt and they are uneasy - fine - I would not mind if my dog had to be muzzled. But, I agree, it depends also on how the professional approaches me about it too. I'll understand either way but it would go over much easier if they "softened" their approach.

Laura Sherman September 10th, 2008 06:17:00 PM

One of my dogs is a dog that I believe could definitely bite someone in the wrong situation and I've always clearly warned the vet and vet staff that this is my belief. He's an Australian Cattle Dog mix so using his teeth is something that is quite close the the surface with him. He's also a sensitive and very reactive individual.

He has not yet needed to be muzzled in my presence but he is always examined wearing a halti - which he wears for walking anyway so it has no bad associations for him - it's just what he wears when out and about. The halti gives a fair amount of control over his head and jaws although, of course, it is in no way a substitute for a muzzle if that is what is necessary. I really wouldn't be happy with a stranger poking and prodding him if I couldn't control his head if something went wrong.

He was hospitalized earlier this year and on the last day he was there I noticed a soft muzzle hung on the outside of his crate. When I asked about this I found that he'd apparently been growling at some of the staff when they walked past and when he was taken out for toilet breaks it was thought best that he wear the muzzle - and I couldn't have agreed more! He was still quite happy and friendly with the person who had been handling him throughout his hospitalization but was getting somewhat stressed out with the comings and goings of all these other people he didn't know - after three days he was getting seriously frazzled and was more than ready to come home.

Alison September 10th, 2008 10:59:00 PM

I've seen more bites happen because of rough handling or fighting a dog to get a muzzle on then simply being cautious and gentle.

Cats, well, it depends. for my cats, I prefer to hold them, after all I know them better than an $8.00/hr assistant and I've just plopped them in a crate, and into the car which unlike the dogs they do NOT like...and I can tell if one of my cats is going to try and scratch or bite. But cats tend to stress a lot more, so I hate to see them further freaked by trying to muzzle them. And if they are going to bite, I'd rather I get the bite then someone else.

LorriM September 11th, 2008 12:02:00 AM

At my previous vet, it was a big production to try and get a muzzle on my dog. The vet would call an assistant in and they would try and corner him. Most of the time ttey would give up and between the 3 of us we could calm/hold him in place. After switching vets (for different reasons) with this vet we just acted calmly and never needed to use a muzzle. Unfortunately I had to switch vets again (vet moved out of the area) and that's when I got the vet with bloody nose from being in the back experience. Haven't found the next vet yet - when I do, I think I will just bring the soft muzzle my dog is used to and be ready to put it on him myself.

Liz September 11th, 2008 07:04:00 AM

Alison, your comment about the Halti made me remember I just watched a really good video on ARBI's website about using a gentle leader for bitey/aggressive dogs at the vet. Definitely excellent food for thought! The video is on here: http://abrionline.org/videos.php about halfway down the page- "Improving Aggressive Behavior in Veterinary Exam".

katie September 11th, 2008 07:25:00 AM

It's my general belief that a soft hand prevents lots of stress and that for many pets a calm presence and gentle handling is all you need--even for pets who have been aggressive elsewhere. In fact, I've worked at several hospitals where the cats were *always* "mean." How does that happen? 1) The close presence of many barking dogs (as in hospitals with boarding facilities) and 2) chronic rough handling by staff members who are simply using the culture of a hospital as their guide. (i.e., If the vet is scared and rough you can be sure the staff either quits or adapts.)

And LorriM: I'm really picky about letting clients hold their own pets. If I know you well and you're a cautious, experienced person I trust I'll allow it. If you're a tech (elsewhere) or have been a tech I'll almost always allow it. But we have to be careful because of the liability: If your pet bites you guess who's liable for your medical bills (not to mention the guilt we'd feel)? The hospital and/or the vet.

Dr. Patty Khuly September 11th, 2008 03:18:00 PM

At my hospital we remove collars due to them being a choking hazard. The tags get stuck in the grates.

When I walk into a room I immediately assess the patient's demeanor. If the pet seems amenable to affection, I'll baby talk to it and pet it gently before starting my physical. I let the animal see and sniff my stethoscope before I put it in my ears and put it on their body. And I always ask if the pet is nice for people it doesn't know. Some people know their pet has issues and they come with their own muzzle and have it on before I even come in the room. LOVE those people. Other people will listen to their dog growl at me and watch his hackles rise and say to me, "He'll be OK as long as I'm with him." Famous last words. Last time I trusted an owner with this statement I nearly lost my face. In these situations where a pet will need a muzzle, I forego my exam and vitals, preferring not to stress the pet needlessly before the vet even has a chance to go in. When the vet is ready she or he will have the owner place the muzzle on.

robyn w September 11th, 2008 06:18:00 PM

What about the opposite of a blanket muzzle policy? To an outsider, my cat is a model patient- he sits where I tell him, walks calmly on a leash, and purrs at all his vets. But he's also a reformed feral, and can't be vaccinated so he's not up to date on rabies. I really don't want him biting anyone! Yet most vets refuse to use a muzzle on him even when I request it- I can only assume they are out to prove something. Even when the cat is growling, they refuse to use a muzzle. I am a vet tech, and I'm confident in my ability to restrain him, but I just don't see the point in taking chances.

I've been bitten three times in the field. I seem to have a knack for getting nailed by neurologic cats. All three of these animals were impossible to muzzle- they were in full-blown attack mode and not quite with it. All three were rabies suspects because of their extreme behavior. One bite was the fault of my partner, who let go of the cat for no particular reason. One I don't feel was avoidable- the animal was beyond wild and I was bitten trying to get it to release its owner. The third was my fault- just got clumsy and it twisted out of my grip.

Vets who always use muzzles and vets who refuse to use them are both being foolish- every animal and situation is different.

Jonascat September 11th, 2008 06:23:00 PM

None of the vets I've ever used have told me that they were going to use a muzzle.

My vet knows my animals especially Taz since he's prone to acting like a twit and go into protection mode while he's there. The good news is my vet doesn't tolerate such behavior from dogs and they know it just by reading her body language. For her techs that are not wise to Taz's ways, they do listen to me when I tell them what to do.

I don't tell them how to do their job, but I do tell them to take a no BS approach while handling him whether it be to clip his nails or whatever. I brought him in a couple of weeks ago for a nail trim and the tech that did them was skittish. I told her to not to pay him any mind and just clip his nails and not worry about it. I held him and kept his face buried in my arm. He had "nothing to say" for the whole 5 minutes that the appointment took.

One of my cats also has a tendency to act like a turd when I bring him for his yearly physical. It's strange seeing how I adopted him from the hospital, but he hasn't lived there in over 3 years so he doesn't like it there anymore. To keep him quiet, I let him rub all over the one of many cat treat containers that are usually placed on the counter. LOL I really shouldn't do that, but it's better than listening to him snarl while he's waiting to be seen.

Like with Taz, when Tool needs an appointment for something other than a tech appointment, I always make the appointment with my vet and not the other vet that works for her. She's a good vet but she's too timid and both Taz and Tool take full advantage of the situation as they know they can bully her. What should be a 15 minute appointment can take up to a hour because she won't but forth the " I'm the boss and you're the patient, so get over it!" attitude. Instead she'd rather coddle and sweet talk her way through a appointment and it doesn't work. They just get more grumpy and make more noise. Ella and Mojo could careless as they like sweet talk and coddling. Ella would like the skin off a persons face if she could and Mojo just purrs and acts cute.

Stacy September 11th, 2008 07:40:00 PM

I didn't realize how lucky I am to take my Socrates to the vet group that we go to.. With the past three dogs who have lived to the ripe ages of 17-18 years they have never been afraid of the vets, and have even walked off with them.. They have had a gentle, and patient manner with them.. They also take Socks into the back to do procedures, and he comes back grateful to be done, but not traumatized..

barri September 11th, 2008 08:17:00 PM

Reading the stories here (at this post an in the post about firing the vet) makes me realize how GOOD the clinic I go to is.
Yes, one of my cats got muzzled once. But it was more for distraction than anything else (and it did the trick).
There is no such thing a "going in the back"- I get to go with my animals everywhere.
For all three of my animals, the use the minimal restraints needed. I particularly like the way one of the techs handles my animals. She is always gentle and soft with them, but stable and firm enough that the vet can do what is needed quickly and easily. And my animals seem to like her too.
I'm tempted to schedule appointments to her shifts ;-)
Actually, some time ago I brought my cat in (the can wasn't feeling well), and it happened to be the first day of a new vet in the clinic. The moment I saw that is working with him that day, I calmed down. I know that both my cat and the new vet are in good hands (and I wasn't wrong :) ).

Xslf September 12th, 2008 12:23:00 PM

in our grooming salon we have a 'blanket muzzle' approach ONLY if we can't get the dog's current proof of rabies vaccine info because the owner didn't bring paperwork OR we can't get the vet office on the phone. Even this is broken down--if a dog is over 12 years or of certain flat-faced breeds, we're not allowed to muzzle it, period. This sort of situation is for nail-trims only. If a dog doesn't have proof of rabies, we won't check it in for grooming at all--we're only allowed to muzzle for 20 minutes, tops.

I wish more people would realize that the reason we muzzle for behavioural reasons is because we (understandably) prefer having 10 fingers and unscarred faces. At the same time, a muzzle isn't a catch-all solution for your problem dog. I can't tell you how often we have people say "oh, Muppet will bite if you come near his face, so you're going to have to muzzle him for that part." to which we reply "how are we supposed to groom your dogs face if it has a muzzle on it?"

We've also had several owners who want us to take their severely unsocialized dogs through the entire grooming process wearing a thick muzzle. We simply refuse to do that--if an owner has never made the attempt to train their dog to allow people to touch it, bathe it, blowdry it, then we're not going to be the ones responsible for stressing the dog out by muzzling it for a 1-2hour grooming session. These are usually the owners of Chows and Shar-peis for some reason.

Charity September 12th, 2008 03:01:00 PM

I have one cat for whom I *bring* a muzzle to the clinic, and put it on for them. I love my cat, but I'm not naive, and I don't want anyone bitten.

I don't know how I'd feel about a "blanket" muzzle policy - is it really necessary to muzzle my 20-year old with four tiny teeth? That seems rather extreme.

Lynette September 12th, 2008 07:20:00 PM

My two cents based on a vet visit from earlier this week. My cat, who is sweet and gentle and the worlds biggest cuddle monster at home gets stressed, angry and easily provoked at the vet. When the doctor took her temperature on Monday, she lashed out and bit me and the vet. I would have happily allowed her to be muzzled and in the future I'll reccomend it. I feel terrible and guilty when my darling cat bites a person, even if they are taking a rectal temp. I want to be a responsible owner by taking her to the vets when she needs to go, but I also feel I have a responsibility to the vet, any vet techs and myself to ensure that they are as safe as can be from her Dr Jekyl Mr Hyde personality.

Shannon September 17th, 2008 12:38:00 PM

I don't blame vets who muzzle at all. I actually request it for my little terrier mix, who is utterly sweet and adorable and lovable until the nail clippers come out - he completely loses it, and he often goes for the face. I would feel SO bad if he hurt someone. On the upside, once he's muzzled, the vet can work more easily and quickly without worrying about dodging the fangs, lowering the odds that a nail will get quicked. So I think it's better all the way around.

Laura September 20th, 2008 11:17:00 AM

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